As a result of industrial development, many types of waste are generated, some of which are discharged into water, causing water pollution and having a negative impact on life. The electro-Fenton process (EF) has verified high efficiency in treating pollutants with low cost, ease of handling and operation, and this technology is one of the more efficient advanced oxidation technologies. The main objective of this present work is to explore the efficiency of a three-dimensional Electro-Fenton system (3DEF) in removing eosin, methylene blue, and methylene violet from simulated wastewater using graphite as anode, nickel foam as the cathode, and alum sludge as the third particle and as the source of catalyst. The study investigated the effect o

This research aims to explore the status effects of the Sudden, and gradual of AI-Driven Cyber Security (AIDC), Big data analytics and Business Intelligence (BI) The strategic flexibility (SF) and entrepreneurship (ENT) on Iraqi internet services providers ISPs. The work fills an important lacunae in what the advanced dimensions of technology have with regard to its influencing both SF and ENT outcomes in developing economy context, where empirical evidences are scant. A cross-sectional survey based on a quantitative research methodology was conducted on 113 professionals in Iraqi telecommunication sector. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was adopted to examine 10 hypotheses concerning the relationship

The Tigris River is one of the main rivers and an important resource for the population of Iraq. The present study aimed to quantify the concentration of surface-active substances in the Tigris River and to investigate the dynamics of this ecosystem. Five sampling sites were selected along the river within Baghdad city (Al-Muthanna Bridge, Al-Greaat Bridge, Al-Sarrafia Bridge, Al-Jadriyah Bridge, and Al-Za'franiya Area) for the period from July 2020 to April 2021. The study examined the relationship between the concentrations of surface-active materials (surfactants, including anionic and nonionic types) and their potential interaction with nutrients—nitrate (NO₃⁻), phosphate (PO₄), and sulfate (SO₄²⁻)—as well as the

Use of electrodes that provide a high surface area for reaction, such as Nickel foam and Carbon Fiber Felt, has proven highly efficient in treating wastewater. In this study, a mixture of dyes (Eosin Y, Methylene Blue, and Methylene Violet) was treated using Ni foam as a cathode and carbon fiber felt as an anode in the Electro-Fenton process, relying on iron waste, such as iron filings, as the catalyst source. The analysis characterization of electrodes and iron filings was determined by Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The results showed high efficiency in decomposing the dye mixture. The highest Re % 96.4591 which attained after accomplishing the experiments based on Response Surface Method (RSM)

Manual fruit picking is labor-intensive and can damage fruit. Fully mechanized picking is efficient, but it also risks fruit damage. Therefore, semi-automated tools are needed to improve bitter orange picking. This paper presents a smart manual picker designed to facilitate picking while predicting fruit maturity based on picking force as well as various chemical and physical parameters using machine learning (ML). The study methodology consists of five stages: (1) manufacturing the smart picker, (2) picking 50 bitter orange samples, (3) measuring the characteristics of the bitter oranges in the laboratory, (4) training different ML models, and (5) identifying the most accurate model for predicting fruit maturity. The results indicate that

Rehabilitation robots are widely recognized as vital for restoring motor function in patients with lower-limb impairments. A Modified Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (MFOPID) controller is proposed to improve trajectory tracking of a 2-DoF Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Robot (LLRER). The classical FOPID is augmented with a modified control formulation by which steady-state error is reduced and the transient response is sharpened. Controller gains and fractional orders were tuned offline using a hybrid metaheuristic Improved Elk Herd Optimization hybridized with Grey Wolf and Multi-Verse Optimization algorithms (IElk-GM) so that exploration and exploitation are balanced. Superiority over the classical FOPID

Dynamic machine foundations can be considered as a necessary component of the industrial infrastructure. Design of the dynamic equipment foundations has, however, traditionally been grounded on a rule of thumb that is inaccurate and rigid to use at the discretion of the engineers. The conventional rule of thumb, which includes minimum weight ratios and resonance avoidance criteria, has been used singularly with two poles, which can be either conservatively designed systems that are too heavy, or systems that are going to experience too much vibration and fatigue. This paper presents a novel, analytical framework for the reinterpretation of traditional design practices, using a physics-based approach, and results in a single, unified overall

The use of foam electrodes as a cathode has proven its efficiency in wastewater treatment. In this study, methyl orange (MO) was treated by Electro-Fenton technology (EFT) using a copper foam (Cf) as a cathode. EFT was an advanced strategy for MO degradation, which accomplished excellent degradation efficiency (%ReMO) exceeded 98% over 35 min treatment period at prime conditions using 0.124 mM of iron salts (FeSO4.7H2O), 0.3 LPM of air flow, 0.2 mA/cm2 of current density (CD), and initial pH of 3.0. The outcomes showed that the air flow rate had the main impact on the %ReMO. Furthermore, the contribution of anodic oxidation (AO) to dye removal was investigated to distinguish its role relative to the EFT mechanism, revealing that the MO degr

Bauxite residue (red mud) is a waste material from alumina refineries in the Bayer process, containing significant quantities of valuable metals, notably scandium (Sc). The objective of this study is to recover Sc (III) from Hungarian bauxite residue by using hydrometallurgical processes, including solvent extraction and leaching. Red mud directly leached with hydrochloric acid to generate the leachate solution. The significant iron content (~38 %) in red mud makes it hard to recover scandium selectively due to comparable physicochemical characteristics. According to the findings, Fe (III) could be effectively extracted from hydrochloric acid leachate as HFeC14 using diethyl ether before Sc extraction. Protocol B demonstrated superior recov

This study examines the impact of Digital Transformation (DT) on the Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ), taking into account the moderating role of the Trust Services Framework (TSF), in the context of rapid developments in the digital business environment and the resulting challenges and opportunities for accounting and financial systems. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive–analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument. The study sample comprised 87 professionals working in accounting and financial functions. DT was measured through four dimensions: cloud computing, automation, data analytics, and systems integration. FRQ was assessed using the dimensions of accuracy and

Periodontitis is a dysbiosis-driven inflammatory disease in which a pathogenic subgingival biofilm disrupts the host–microbe equilibrium and promotes progressive loss of tooth-supporting tissues. While periodontal destruction has traditionally been explained mainly through the host immune response, increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like changes in the gingival epithelium may contribute to barrier failure and tissue remodeling during disease progression. EMT is characterized by reduced epithelial adhesion and polarity, alongside a shift toward a mesenchymal-like phenotype with enhanced motility and impaired epithelial barrier function. This narrative review focuses

Sequencing technologies have reshaped the study of the subgingival microbiome, but selecting the appropriate method remains challenging because of differences in resolution, cost, host DNA contamination, and computational complexity. This review compares 16S rRNA sequencing, full-length 16S, shotgun metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics with respect to taxonomic resolution, functional output, sample requirements, and analytical limitations. Key practical issues, including low microbial biomass, contamination control, and the choice of appropriate bioinformatic tools, are emphasized to help researchers avoid common pitfalls. A decision-making framework is provided to link study goals to suitable sequencing methods while outlining rea

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most widespread pests worldwide on host plants, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, in open fields or under greenhouse conditions. Their damage is not only caused by sucking the juice from plant tissue but also by their ability to transmit many viruses. In this study, A. gossypii individuals were collected in the seasons of 2022 and 2023 in order to conduct a series of bioassay experiments to evaluate six essential oils, which were Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), Lavender (Lavandula coronopifolia), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum),

This study was aimed to investigate the role of adding powdered sumac fruit, red pepper, and their mixture on the productive performance of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted in the poultry field, from October 26, 2021, to December 7, 2021 (42 days). Two hundred one-day-old non-sexed Ross 308 broilers were used, , with an initial average weight of 37 grams per chick.. The experiment consisted of four treatments with five replicates (10 chicks/replicate).During the experimental period, the birds were fed three types of balanced feed containing protein and energy. The starter feed was provided from day one to day 14. The grower feed was provided from day 15 to day 28. The finisher feed was provided from day 29 to day 42.Powdere

The study was conducted to investigate symbiosis and node-forming ability of Mesorhizobium bacteria in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth under challenging environmental conditions. Nodules were collected from wild and cultivated chickpeas in the Kurdistan Region. Endophytic bacteria associated with their roots were isolated and characterized. All the 30 isolates, were found to be gram-negative with smooth, circular colonies. Most isolates (80%) were mucoid, while 20% were not and produced green colonies on bromothymol blue. Half of the isolates 50%) grew best in alkaline pH (6.6-10.5), 26.6% thrived in acidic pH (3.5-5.5), and 20% preferred neutral pH. Regarding salt tolerance, 63% of the isolates grew well in 0-4% N

This study was amid to assess the radical scavenging activity, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity of elastin enzymatic hydrolysate (EEH) which prepared by treating common carp bulbus elastin extract with elastase for 10 hours at 40 C°. Aliquots of reaction solution were taken every 2 hours to point out the optimum degree of hydrolysis based on the highest antioxidant value. The hydrolysate which obtained after 8 hours hydrolysis was chosen to be evaluated for improving minced beef meat shelf-life based on the bacterial contents and lipid oxidation under refrigerated storage (4 C°/ 10 days). This study included 6 groups: group C without EEH addition, groups EEH1, EEH2 and EEH3 with 50, 100 and 150 mg EEH/ 100 gm meat, in addi

The current study aimed to isolate and purify the Beta Casein (β-CN) protein from Iraqi Camel milk by urea, and ion exchange chromatography using a DEAE-Cellulose column, and gel filtration by using a Sephadex-G100 column, determining the molecular weight (M.wt) of protein isolate by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of the denaturant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). Enzymatic hydrolyzates were prepared using both pepsin and trypsin enzymes and their mixture (1:1), then the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was estimated after incubation for 8 h. and compared with bovine protein and standard proteins, the elution of β-CN using a DEAE-Cellulose column showed the appearance of two separate peaks, and their molecul

This study aimed to estimate the efficiency of buffalo milk production and address the most important economic and social factors that affect the production of buffalo milk in Baghdad Governorate. A random sample of 96 out of a total of 1600 breeders was taken at a rate of (6%). The stochastic production frontier function was estimated using the maximum likelihood (ML) method between the total milk production and the quantities of production inputs, which included (total production, the quantity of dry fodder, green fodder, concentrated fodder, the number of hours of human work, medicines, vaccines, and energy) in the efficiency model, and social factors such as the family members, experience, education, number of reproduction, and age w

Osteoporosis (OP) is asymptomatic disease until the experience of falls or impacts that cause broken bones or fractures happened. Estrogen deficiency, abnormality in bone matrix components and interleukins expression can impact on bone homeostasis which gradually paved to osteoclastogenesis over activation leading to bone loss. A current case-control study was designed to explain the alteration in certain biochemicals, bone matrix components, immunological and molecular parameters that which accompanied with OP in the postmenopausal women. The period of study's investigation was from December 2022 to July 2023. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by Department of Biology, College of Science, U

Genetics play a major role in diabetic retinopathy DR, which is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although the factors such as how long a person has had diabetes and high blood sugar are important, the wide variation and progression of DR indicates to a clear genetic influence. Early studies focusing on a few candidate genes (such as VEGF) produced conflicting and population-dependent results. This confirmed the multifactorial nature of the disease and the limitations of small-scale studies. Conversely, genome wide association studies (GWAS) have provided more consistent findings in detection a new genes related to DR. For example, rs2239785 variant which is located in the APOL1 gene was found to be a high risk factor for diabetic mac

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a diverse group of hereditary abnormalities that leads to a defect in metabolic pathway. Its diagnosis has been transformed by the innovations of molecular genetics and computational biology. Conventionally, diagnosis of IMDs is dependent on clinical findings and biochemical tests. Yet, these methods are limited due to a heterogeneity of such disorders and a large number of genes involved. The main objective of this review is to highlight the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS), including targeted gene panels, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), in the diagnosis of IMDs and providing reliable information in identifying genetic causes, and to explore the integrated an

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial apoptosis. Nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, but its therapeutic potential in UC remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of nicardipine on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, focusing on inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways. Fifty BALB/c mice were assigned to five groups (n = 10): control, DSS, nicardipine 12 mg/kg, nicardipine 24 mg/kg, and 5-aminosalicylate (ASA) 75 mg/kg. Treatments were administered for 3 days before and 10 days during DSS exposure. Disease severity was assessed by bo

Afield study was conducted in winter 2023–2024 at the Plant Protection Directorate, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replication to investigates the effects of corn or sorghum mulch alone and in combination with half dose of Time line trio herbicide on weed management, soil moisture content and wheat yield. Results indicated that using corn or sorghum mulch with 50% herbicide provided higher significant results in all test parameters just like full herbicide rate .The reduction in weed density was 95.22 and 93.20%at 60 DAS, and 91.13 and 92.32% of weedy check at 90 DAS, and the reduction in weed dry weight at 120 DAS was 98.71 and 98.91%of weedy check, respectively. Grain yield was 5.66

Four soil pedons along the Euphrates river were chosen, two of them were north of Al-Handia  Dam ( Jurf Al-nasr and Um-Aruk), when the other two pedons ( Al-Tubar village and Almishkhab) were chosen south of Dam, in order to study the impact of the location of Al-Handia Dam on the distribution and characteristics of clay minerals in Euphrates river sediments. Infrared technique has been used to diagnosis and characterized the clay minerals in studied soils. Results showed the dominance of chlorite, mica and kaolinite minerals within sediments of Euphrates river north of Al-Hindiyah Dam, while montmorillonite and (M-S) interstratified minerals were dominant south of Dam. Also, results showed that the dam cons

This study was carried to investigated Two types of new grafted polymers were prepared through chemical blending (mixture of the crosslinked mixture polymerization) of potassium polyacrylate (KPA) and 2-amino acetic acid (glycine) with calcium nitrate to give graft polymer type-1 (KPA-g-CaGY). As well as reaction of potassium polyacrylate (KPA) with calcium nitrate and chitosan polymer to give graft polymer type-2 (KPA-g-CaCS), grafting polymers has been characterized by FT-IR, ¹HNMR spectroscopy and compared with the pure potassium polyacrylate. The prepared polymers were used after confirming their diagnosis and physic-chemical properties in trying to reclaiming the desertification and saline soil in (Abu Ghraib-Baghdad in J

 The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of FASN AND ANXA9 gene polymorphism on genetic variation, quantitative and economic influences, and the extent of their contribution to the variation in the weaning weight of Awassi lambs based on the genetic polymorphism of their dams. New equations were designed and modified to calculate the contribution of both genes to the weight and price of the lambs. The contribution of both genes to the heritability of lamb's waning weight and the expected quantitative and price values to be inherited by the next generation were also estimated. Results revealed that the AA genotype of the FASN gene was superior to its hetero genotype AT counterpart in price and quantitative va