Appearance of the Kurdish press in the Kurdish literature was affected by as set of both external and internal factors. The former was realized in the spreading of press and publications especially at the neighboring countries in the second half of the 19^th century. The latter factors, external ones ,were concerned the political situations undergone by the Kurdish people who severely suffered injustice practiced by the Othman authority .All these reasons had driven the educated to migrate to search for more safe places to practice their cultural actions with absolute freedom. Consequently, the first newspaper was issued on 22/4/1898 in Cairo which pointed the birth of the Kurdish press inside and outside Kurdistan region which

Performance measures are a central component of management control system, making good planning and control decisions requires information about how different subunits of organizations have performed. To be effective, performance measures (both financial and nonfinancial) must also motivate managers and employees at all levels of organization to strive to achieve organization goals.

To give aclear picture about performance must be used compound measure, that was best than single measure.

Altman model can be used as a compound performance measure that measures the performance by tied a sum of variables, due to make weight for every variable to reach for performance.

Multilevel models are among the most important models widely used in the application and analysis of data that are characterized by the fact that observations take a hierarchical form, In our research we examined the multilevel logistic regression model (intercept random and slope random model) , here the importance of the research highlights that the usual regression models calculate the total variance of the model and its inability to read variance and variations between levels ,however in the case of multi-level regression models, the calculation of  the total variance is inaccurate and therefore these models calculate the variations for each level of the model, Where the research aims to estimate the parameters of this m

             It is the regression analysis is the foundation stone of knowledge of statistics , which mostly depends on the ordinary least square method , but as is well known that the way the above mentioned her several conditions to operate accurately and the results can be unreliable , add to that the lack of certain conditions make it impossible to complete the work and analysis method and among those conditions are the multi-co linearity problem , and we are in the process of detected that problem between the independent variables using farrar –glauber test , in addition to the requirement linearity data and the lack of the condition last has been resorting to the

The research aims to identify the level of awareness of student teachers in the behavioral disorders and autism specialization about the diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder according to some variables. The study was conducted on a sample of (113) student teachers. The researcher employed the awareness scale of a teacher-screening questionnaire for autism spectrum disorder and social pragmatic communication disorder. The results showed that the average of teachers in the total degree of awareness of autism spectrum disorder and social communication have recorded a moderate degree. As for the awareness of autism spectrum disorder was high. Then, the awareness of social communication disorder wa

The research aims to
1 – The discloser  of the level of moral values in the children of kindergarten.
2 - Building an educational program designed to develop moral values on the children of kindergarten.

3 - Knowing the impact of the program in the development of moral values in children
Purposive sample was selected consisted of 40 children and a child aged 5-6 years and to achieve objectives of the research promising measure of the moral  values kindergarten has been applied to the children of the two groups was based on  pre and post test

يهدف هذا البحث الى تقدير الانموذج الخطي الجزئي (Partial Linear Regression Model) بإستعمال طريقتين من طرائق التمهيد وهما طريقتي التمهيد المويجي (Wavelet Smoother)  والتمهيد اللبي (Kernel Smoother). تم استعمال تجارب المحاكات لبيان افضل تلك الطرائق في تقدير هذا النوع من النماذج بإختلاف الحالات والدوال وحجوم العينات والتباينات المستعملة. تم الاعتماد على معيار معدل متوسط مربعات الخطأ (Mean Average Squares Error) كأحد معايير المقارنة بين الطرائق. واثب

يهدف هذا البحث إلى استعراض أهمية تقدير دالة الانحدار اللامعلمية باستخدام ما يسمى بدوال لب قانونية والمعتمدة على إعادة تقيس المعلمة التمهيدية التي لها دور كبيرا ومهما في مقدرات اللب ومن ثم العمل على إعطاء الكمية السليمة للتمهيد وقد تم بيان أهمية هذا الأسلوب من خلال تطبيق تلك المفاهيم على بيانات واقعية تشير إلى أسعار الصرف العالمية للدولار الأمريكي مقابل الين الياباني للفترة من يناير كانون الثاني عام 2007

تتطلب عملية التنمية الاقتصـادية في الدول النامية مبالغ كبيرة من رؤوس الأمـوال اللازمة لتنفيذ البرامج والخطط الاقتصادية، ولما كانت الاسـتثمارات التي تنفذها هذه الدول خلال حقبة معينة، تزيد على ما تم  تحقيقه من موارد مالية محلية، فلابد أنْ يمول الفرق من خلال انسياب صافٍ لرأس المال الأجنبي (قروض ومساعدات) إلى الداخل خلال المدة نفسها، لغـرض سَدّ الفجوة في المـوارد المحلية المعدة للاسـتثمار، وعانت بعض د

The search is contain compared among some order selection criteria  (FPE,AIC,SBC,H-Q) for the Model first order  Autoregressive when the White Noise is follow Normal distribution and some of non Gaussian distributions (Log normal, Exponential and Poisson distribution ) by using Simulation