Localization is an essential demand in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It relies on several types of measurements. This paper focuses on positioning in 3-D space using time-of-arrival- (TOA-) based distance measurements between the target node and a number of anchor nodes. Central localization is assumed and either RF, acoustic or UWB signals are used for distance measurements. This problem is treated by using iterative gradient descent (GD), and an iterative GD-based algorithm for localization of moving sensors in a WSN has been proposed. To localize a node in 3-D space, at least four anchors are needed. In this work, however, five anchors are used to get better accuracy. In GD localization of a moving sensor, the algo

من اكثر الامور التي تثير خلافا في قانون المعاهدات الدولية هو مسالة تفسيرها, ولا سيما مسالة الرجوع الى الاعمال التحضيرية في عملية التفسير بين مؤيد لها باعتبارها تعطي اضاءات واشارات واضحة للمفسر في تحديد نية الاطراف, وبين معارض لها لان الدول التي تنضم الى المعاهدة الدولية تنضم الى نص رسمي مستقل عن الظروف التي ادت الى عقده.

في هذه الورقة تم تسليط الضوء على هذه الوسيلة من وسائل التفسير في اتفاقية فينا لقانون

Reinforcing asphalt concrete with polyester fibers considered as an active remedy to alleviate the harmful impact of fatigue deterioration. This study covers the investigation of utilizing two shapes of fibers size, 6.35 mm by 3.00 mm and 12.70 mm by 3.00 mm with mutual concentrations equal to 0.25 %, 0.50 % and 0.75 % by weight of mixture. Composition of asphalt mixture consists of different optimum (40-50) asphalt cement content, 12.50 mm nominal aggregate maximum size with limestone dust as a filler. Following the traditional asphalt cement and aggregate tests, three essential test were carried out on mixtures, namely: Marshall test (105 cylindrical specimens), indirect tensile strength test (21 cylindrical specimens)

ركز البحث على بيان مفهوم خطاب الكراهية في نطاق الفقه والاجتهاد القضائي للمحاكم الجنائية الدولية وبالذات المحكمة الجنائية الدولية ليوغسلافيا السابقة والمحكمة الجنائية الدولية لرواندا، فضلاً عن المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، ومقارنة ما ذهبت إليه الأخيرة مع توجهات الفقه والاجتهاد القضائي على المستوى الوطني، إذ حاول البحث الوقوف على إشكالية الاختلاف في التوجهات الفقهية من جهة ومواقف المحاكم الجنائية الدولية م

تناولنا، في هذا البحث، نطاق حجية أحكام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، حيث قسمناه إلى مبحثين: الأول، وضحنا فية مفهوم حجية أحكام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، إذ تناولنا فيه التعريف بحجية الأمر المقضي فيه وشروطه، ونطاق حجية أحكام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية من حيث الاشخاص والزمان والمكان. أما المبحث الثاني، قتناولنا فيه الطعن في أحكام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، حيث وضحنا فيه الطعن في أحكام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بال

The Next-generation networks, such as 5G and 6G, need capacity and requirements for low latency, and high dependability. According to experts, one of the most important features of (5 and 6) G networks is network slicing. To enhance the Quality of Service (QoS), network operators may now operate many instances on the same infrastructure due to configuring able slicing QoS. Each virtualized network resource, such as connection bandwidth, buffer size, and computing functions, may have a varied number of virtualized network resources. Because network resources are limited, virtual resources of the slices must be carefully coordinated to meet the different QoS requirements of users and services. These networks may be modifie

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يتناول هذا البحث الاطار القانوني المنظم لاستثمار المتقاعدين في العراق، مركزا على تشغيلهم بعد الاحالة على التقاعد، باعتباره احد اوجه الاستفادة من راس المال البشري الوطني وقد استعرض البحث الاحكام القانونية النافذة سواء ما تعلق منها بالحقوق والواجبات، لاسيما القرار(361)لسنة 1985 والتعليمات رقم(7) لسنة1985، وتبين تعارضها مع النصوص الدستورية والقوانين الحديثة مثل قانون العمل رقم (37) لسنة2015 وقانون التقاعد والضمان ا

ان عقد الضمان المستقل بالمعنى الدقيق للعقود هو عقد اتجهت ارادات اطراف المعاملة الضمانية بالمعنى الواسع[i]، الى اعتباره عقداً مستقلاً قائماً بذاته، وفصلته عن حالة التبعية المعروفة بالضمانات التقليدية، ينبني على ذلك ان الضمان مدار البحث لا ينتهي بذات الاسباب التي تنتهي بها الضمانات التقليدية من اسباب تبعية، بمعنى ان فسخ او انهاء العلاقة الرئيسية لا يستتبعه انقضاء الضمان المستقل، او ان ت

تناول البحث التعريف بالقانون الدولي والداخلي واتجاهاته في المبحث الأول وفي الثاني تناول البحث نظريات القانونين وفي الثالث موقف القانون الدولي من النظام القانوني العراقي والأردني.

 قسمت المبحث الأول الى مطلبين: الأول عرفت القانون الدولي العام باعتباره فرع من فروع علم القانون وكيفية اختلف العلماء في تسمية هذا القانون ومنهم من اطلق عليه (الأمم) ومنهم من اسماه ( قانون الشعوب) وبينت اتجاهاته والتي هي الا

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drinking ionized water on histological changes, bacteria count, and some hematological parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 200-42-day-old female Japanese quails were divided into five treatments four replicates each treatment (40 birds/replicate). The birds of each treatment were divided into four replicates. The pH level of drinking water of the first treatment was 7, whereas the pH levels of drinking water of other treatments were 8, 9, 6, and 5 respectively. The results showed that villi height, crypt depth, an

The current study conducted to identify the bacterial isolates from burns and wound infections that are responsible for various skin complication in such conditions and determination the development of antimicrobial resistance among these bacterial isolates. This study is carried out Between September 2020 to December 2020, a total number of (103) burns and wound swabs were taken from different patients from different hospitals in Baghdad city, the specimens were collected from; burns (57) and wound (46) swabs, the specimens were included; (51) female and (52) Male, the age average between (2 - 70 years). The positive bacterial containing specimens are (93) swabs, most of them are mixed (82 specimens) with differ

Excessive intake of fluoride, mainly through drinking water is a serious health hazard affecting humans worldwide. In this study, the defluoridation capacities of locally available raw waste beef bones have been estimated. Several experimental parameters including contact time, pH, bone dose, fluoride initial concentration, bone grains size, agitation rate, and the effect of co-existence of anions in actual samples of wastewater were studied for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Results indicated excellent fluoride removal effeciency up to 99.7% at fluoride initial concentration of 10 mg F/L and 120 min contact time. Maximum fluoride uptake was obtained at neutral pH range 6-7. Fluoride removal kinetic was well described by the ps

Wellbore stability is considered as one of the most challenges during drilling wells due to the
reactivity of shale with drilling fluids. During drilling wells in North Rumaila, Tanuma shale is
represented as one of the most abnormal formations. Sloughing, caving, and cementing problems
as a result of the drilling fluid interaction with the formation are considered as the most important
problem during drilling wells. In this study, an attempt to solve this problem was done, by
improving the shale stability by adding additives to the drilling fluid. Water-based mud (WBM)
and polymer mud were used with different additives. Three concentrations 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 wt. %
for five types of additives (CaCl2, NaCl, Na2S

 f-he airn of'this research is to study the breakthrough time for cation exchangers by using a pilot plant of iotr exchange and passing water with different concentrations of

An attempt was made to evaluate the PV performance of one-axis daily tracking and fixed system for Baghdad, Iraq. Two experimental simulations were conducted on a PV module for that purpose. Measurements included incident solar radiation, load voltage and load current. The first experiment was carried out for six months of winter half of year to simulate the one-axis daily tracking. The azimuth angle was due south while the tilt angle was being set to optimum according to each day of simulation. The second experiment was done at one day to simulate the PV module of fixed angles. It is found that there is a significant power gain of 29.6% for the tracking system in respect to the fixed one. The one-axis daily tracking was much more effect

In the field of hydraulic power plant, the cavitation is responsible of sever erosion which requires periodic unit shutdowns for inspection and repairs. Al-Mosul hydroelectric power plant is chosen as model in this study. Computer programs are developed by using the velocity gradient method to analyze the flow in the runner blades of the turbine (Francis Turbine) to calculate the available cavitation and compared with the critical cavitation. The erosion of the runner material (erosion rate, weight of lost material and mean depth of erosion) is also calculated to limit the operation hours of the power plant. The presented work shows that the cavitation appears on the underside of the turbine (Francis Turbine) blades in the trailing edge

Cadmium is one of the heavy metal found in the wastewater of many industries. The electrocoagulation offers many advantages for the removal of cadmium over other methods. So the removal of cadmium from wastewater by using electrocoagulation was studied to investigate the effect of operating parameters on the removal efficiency. The studied parameters were the initial pH, initial concentration, and applied voltage. The study experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with  with two pairs of aluminum electrodes with dimension  and 2mm in thick with 1.5 cm space between them. The optimum removal was obtained at pH =7, initial concentration = 50 mg/L, and applied voltage = 20 V and it was 90%.

This study was aimed to use the fuzzy logic to employ complex and non-simple models to simple and understandable models that are concerned with no accuracy in the event or the concept itself in the GIS environmental to produce soil degradation maps of the chemical degradation for lands by spatial interpolation method (Inverse Distant Weight). The study area was selected in the province of Babil and within the large Musaaib project. Forty (40) surface samples and 12 profiles were drilled (soil profile). The chemical properties of the soil were then estimated. The results indicated that there were four types of chemical deterioration of the soil, which was characterized by a slight degradation of D1 with an area estimated at 1982.3

      تعد تقنية العقلنة ^([i]) تقنية تطويرية للنظام البرلماني تعمل على معالجة الانحرافات التي يمكن ان تحدث لهذا النظام سواء بفعل النظرية او نتيجة للممارسة السياسية، ولعل اول من تحدث بموضوع (البرلمانية المعقلنة) الفقيه الدستوري الروسي الاصل (بوريس ميركن) في فترة مابين الحربين العالميتين (الاولى والثانية) واراد بها تقوية مركز الحكومة لمواجهة البرلمان، وقد اخذ بها واضعوا الق

A field trials was carried out during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to study the effect of organic fertilizers of plant source (compost) on yield and it's components of linseed cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split plots used with three replicates. The trials included four weed sources organic fertilizer {Malva rotundifolia L., Eichhronia crassipes (Mart) Solms, Glycyrrhiza glabara L. and Silybum marianum L.} and NPK chemical fertilizer (90 Kg N ha^-1, 120 Kg P ha^-1 and 80 Kg K ha^-1

Unsaturated polyester was used as a matrix which was filled with different percentages of cobalt ferrite using hand lay-up method. Cobalt ferrite was synthesized using solid state ceramic method with reagent of CoO and Fe2O3. Mechanical properties such tensile strength, Young's modulus and shore D hardness of the composite have been studied. All these properties have increased by 10% with increasing cobalt ferrite contents. Also the thermal properties such thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are highly increased as the ferrite content increased, while the thermal diffusivity increased by 22 %. On the other hand dielectric strength of composite has been measured which increased by 50% by increasing the cobalt ferrite content.&

A mathematical model for integrated air pollution modelling around refineries is built and named as Computerized System for Integrated Air Pollution Modelling Around Oil Refineries (CSIAPMAOR).The model based on Gaussian equation to estimate concentration of pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, Particulates) that are emitted from a continuous air pollution elevated source. The model is designed by using Visual Basic as a main core of the system and linked with auxiliary models such as ArcMap (GIS), Surfer software, Ms-Excel and Ms-Access. The model has flexibility to select either rural, urban or stability (Smith equation) wind speed profile. It also has the option of using three types of dispersion coefficients equations for rural condition (PGT-B

In this paper a Modified version of Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square algorithm (MASSLMS) is proposed which overcome and avoid one of the drawback of the standard LMS and our previous proposed algorithm Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square algorithm (ASSLMS). This drawback is the requirement of a statistical knowledge of the input signal prior to the starting training of the algorithm which is necessary to determine the fixed value of the maximum step size (i.e. the upper bound value) in the initialization stage of the ASSLMS algorithm. In this proposed algorithm an appropriate time varying value of the maximum step size was calculated based on inversely proportional of the instantaneous energy of the input signal vector. Then this ti

Trickle bed reactor was used to study the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over Ni/SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared using the Highly Dispersed Catalyst (HDC) technique. Porous silica particles (capped cylinders, 6x5.5 mm) were used as catalyst support. The catalyst was characterized by TPR, BET surface area and pore volume, X-ray diffraction, and Raman Spectra. The trickle bed reactor was packed with catalyst and diluted with fine glass beads in order to decrease the external effects such as mass transfer, heat transfer and wall effect. The catalyst bed dilution was found to double the liquid holdup, which increased the catalyst wetting and hence, the gas-liquid mass transfer rate. The main product of the hydrogenation reaction of n

The behavior of externally prestressed composite beams under short term loading has been studied. A computer program developed originally by Oukaili to evaluate curvature is modified to evaluate the deflection of prestressed composite beam under flexural load. The analysis model based on the deformation compatibility of entire structure that allows to determine the full history of strain and stress distribution along cross section depth, deflection and stress increment in the external tendons .
The evaluation of curvatures for the composite beam involves iterations for computing the strains vectors at each node at any loading stage. The stress increment determined using equations depended on the member deflection at points of connecti

Geopolymer concrete has been proposed to minimize carbon dioxide emissions related to the cement production industry. This environmentally friendly material consists of industry waste materials activated chemically by an activation solution. In this study, the geopolymer mortar has been designed with 70% fly ash and 30% metakaolin. Hydroxide sodium in 14 molar concentrations blended with sodium silicate in a 2.5:1 ratio was used as the activation solution. Rice husk fibers were added as reinforcement in (1%, 1.5%, and 2%), and waste paper (paper pulp and paper ash) was added in (1%, 2%, and 5%) by volume of cementitious material. The geopolymer mortar samples underwent a curing process through exposure to a temperature o

A new pavement technology has been developed in Highway engineering: asphalt pavement production is less susceptible to oxidation and the consequent damages. The warm mix asphalt (WMA) is produced at a temperature of about (10-40) ^oC lower than the hot asphalt paving. This is done using one of the methods of producing a WMA. Although WMA's performance is rather good, according to previous studies, as it is less susceptible to oxidation, it is possible to modify some of its properties using different materials, including polymers. Waste tires of vehicles are one of the types of polymers because of their flexible properties. The production of HMA, WMA, and WMA modified with proportions of (1, 1.5, and 2%) of rub

Advertising technology represents a component of elements of the visual attraction in the urban scape, made its way transmission process of messages between the ends of the source ofinformation (sender) and the Destination information (receiver) of the final recipient of themessage, It serves as a social marked and a means of cultural expression, It is part of the inalienable in creating identity and determine the spatial relationships and also is a reflection ofurban culture to the community. This technology has become an increasing feature of the present era, characterized as the era of the three revolutions: (the information revolution, the technologyrevolution, and the media revolution), Where it became an integral part of the visual