Commercial graphite (CGT) powder was used as an adsorbent surface for cationic dye, Janus green (JG), from aqueous solutions. This study aims to highlight the practical significance of using inexpensive CGT as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of JG dye from industrial wastewater. CGT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption process was investigated by examining parameters like the weight of the adsorbent, contact time, and temperature. Pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSO), pseudo-first-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used for analyzing the kinetic data. JG dye's adsorption kinetics fit the PSO kinetic model well (R²= 0.999). Fur

In trendy farming, the use of Nano fertilizers is raising the productivity and strength of different crops by reducing the destructive effects of environmental changes. The current study is the first in Iraq to address anatomical characteristics and the Nanoscale effect on them.

In the current study, the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the anatomy features of soybeans was tested. Concentrations of Nano zinc oxide were 0.75 and compared with control plants without spray. after doing the sections and examination, the results showed that the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the vascular bundle in the stem and midrib of leaf, also the length and width of stomata in leaf epidermis compared with control, as the stems of plants sprayed with Nan

Fusarium wilt is one of the most significant diseases that affects tomato plants and is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, whether in fields or greenhouses. The current research aimed to identify the Fusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc. agent that causes Fusarium wilt on tomato plants for the first time in Iraq by morphological and molecular methods, in addition to detecting the phylogenetic distance and similarity of the Iraqi isolates to other isolates globally. In January of 2023, the wilt signs were apparent on wilted tomato plants in Al-Mahmoudiya fields in Iraq. The isolate was confirmed and molecularly diagnosed according to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The se

Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly around the world, due in large part to significant changes in the modern human lifestyle. T2DM and its complications are affected by a complex interplay of genetic, life course, ecological, cultural, socioeconomic, cognitive-psychological-behavioral, and access to care factors that influence regional variations in disease burden and care quality by gender. This study aims to investigate the role of laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2), mixed lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2), and Protein Z (PORZ) as potential biomarkers for T2DM at different durations of the disease. These biomarkers were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While biochemical param

Escherichia coli O157 urinary tract infections are quite widespread all over the world. Few clinical investigations have indicated that ascorbic acid supplementation shortens the duration and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ascorbic acid was impacted by the antibiotic therapy indicated for urinary tract isolates of E. coli O157. Our study aimed to determine the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, ascorbic acid, or a combination of both in eliminating Escherichia coli O157 bacteria that had grown in the urethra of male Wistar albino rats. Following infection events, the animals exhibited significant increases in serum and urine biochemical markers linked to kidney damage. W

This work describes a green synthesis route for zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO₂ NPs) by using Zr sulfate and mint extract. This method is distinguished from other processes (physical and chemical) by its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and low potential risks during preparation. Multiple techniques have been used to characterize and analyze ZrO₂ NPs, including Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet visible spectra, crystal size calculation by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and atomic force microscopes, energy-dispersive X-ray, and Zeta potential. Kinetic stability of the ZrO₂ NPs system, as indicated by the Zeta potential of -25.8 mV, suggests a long-term persistence and high surface charge.

Anthranilic acid (AA) was determined in pure material via a new system of the CFIA method that involves less chemical consumption (μL), is rapid, semiautomated, simple, and accurate. Two reactions of the AA were conducted; the first, with 4-amino antipyrine and potassium periodate as the oxidizing agent, yielded a pinkish-violet colored product, which was measured at λmax 550 nm. The second reaction, using 2,2`-bipyridine with FeCl3, produced a Pinkish-red product, which was measured at λmax 521 nm. Other chemical and physical factors that affect the stability of the complex products in the suggested process include flow rate, reagent concentration, sample volume, dispersion, and reaction coil. The linearity ranges were (10-400) and

This paper presents the formulation and investigation for a stage-structured prey-predator system. We consider the stage- structure in both prey and predator populations, specifically dividing the population of prey into two distinct groups: immature prey and mature prey. We also divide the predator population into immature and mature groups. We assume that only immature predators are capable of attack, so they consume each immature and mature prey. Additionally, the rate of growth for immature prey based on the amount of mature prey, as immature prey does not have reproductive capability. We applied Holling Type I and Holling Type IV response functions to describe the consumption of immature and mature prey by immature predators, respec

Using SHA256 in the Blockchain system for security purposes, as it is important in linking blocks and preventing tampering efficiently and securely. In order to further confirm the security of SHA256 and protect it and increase its susceptibility to resist threats that it is exposed to in one way or another, its algorithm was developed by utilizing the modified skew tent map (MSTM). The developed SHA256 algorithm (D-SHA256) is distinguished by two essential features: less time and more enhanced security than its predecessor SHA256. This distinction arises from the strongly chaotic behavior and the highly randomness properties of the MSTM. Moreover, the proposed D-SHA256 algorithm consist of 32 rounds while preserving the randomness prope

In this study report, Cu-doped ferrite nanoparticles (Cu_xNi_1-xFe₂O₄), which are normally the size of less than 100 nanometers were achieved using the sol-gel method. This method consists of using citric acid as fuel, which leads to auto combustion. In this report, the samples mentioned above will be analyzed using the following techniques (XRD, FESEM, EDX), where X-ray diffraction indicated that the specimens consist of spinel phase with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The results showed the lattice constant of the material increased from (8.320) Å to (8.323) Å, which indicated fact that the ionic radius of copper (72) Å has a bigger size than the ionic radius of nickel (69) Å which le

This study explores the nuclear properties of even-numbered molybdenum () isotopes in the mass range 86 to 100. It focuses on the calculations of fundamental nuclear properties such as distortion coefficients ( and ), electric quadrupole moments (Q₀), root-mean-square charge radii, and reduced transition probabilities B(E2)↑. These calculations were derived using a theoretical framework based on the distorted shell model and implemented in MATLAB. The evaluation also included the identification of the two quasi-nuclear shape axes (major and minor), from which three-dimensional representations of the isotopic shapes were generated.The analysis revealed a gradual decrease in distortion coefficients and transition probabilities with in

This study aimed to identify the effect of nutritional supplements and rehabilitative exercises on the functional recovery of advanced bodybuilding players with anterior deltoid injuries. The experimental method was applied to two groups of eight injured athletes from the Baghdad/Al-Rusafa Gym. The first group performed rehabilitative exercises, while the second group combined them with nutritional supplements. Functional competence was assessed through measurements of muscle strength and range of motion using a dynamometer. The results showed significant improvement in both groups, with the combined program producing greater recovery. The study concluded that integrating nutritional supplements with rehabilitation exercises effectively

This study examines strategies of cultural domestication in Muravyov and Kistyakovsky’s Russian translation of (The Fellowship of the Ring). It documents transformations of character names, toponyms, dialogues, and cultural references, highlighting systematic Russification and the infusion of Soviet political commentary that reshape the text into cultural rewriting.

Image segmentation can be defined as a cutting or segmenting process of the digital image into many useful points which are called segmentation, that includes image elements contribute with certain attributes different form Pixel that constitute other parts. Two phases were followed in image processing by the researcher in this paper. At the beginning, pre-processing image on images was made before the segmentation process through statistical confidence intervals that can be used for estimate of unknown remarks suggested by Acho & Buenestado in 2018. Then, the second phase includes image segmentation process by using "Bernsen's Thresholding Technique" in the first phase. The researcher drew a conclusion that in case of utilizing

Water produced from power plants is one of the most important sources of water pollution, especially for areas like Baghdad, Contaminated industrial wastewater is a major environmental challenge due to the rapid growth of industries, leading to increased accumulation of harmful pollutants in water resources, the work is intended to study the impact of water generated from a power plant in the south on the level of heavy metals before and after the treatment process and after its discharge to the Tigris River. Objective is to determine the extent of heavy metals such as iron, copper, chromium, and zinc concentration in water extracted from various points and subsequently study the monthly variations of these elements with a view to assessmen

Social isolation and quarantine have been implemented globally during outbreaks of a highly transmissible microbe. For instance, they were employed during the plague outbreak in 1894 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. While these methods have proven effective against highly transmissible infections, they have also had significant negative consequences. In specific regions like Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk, social isolation occurred during the period of ISIS occupation. After their liberation, these regions experienced a COVID-19 outbreak, and quarantine measures were put in place. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social isolation and quarantine on tuberculosis. Patients from Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk distri

Epoxy resin and a mixture with unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) were prepared as the matrix materials. The preparation technique included preparing circular and square molds with different weight ratios. Standard samples (40 mm diameter) were prepared for thermal conductivity tests. The results of the thermal conductivity test of the mixture showed that it decreased from (0.014) to (0.013) significantly, which helps in thermal insulation. The decrease in its thermal conductivity means that the structure of the base material is irregular. Hardness test was performed on samples made of epoxy resin with unsaturated polyester resin, and the best hardness reading was (64.5), but when replacing the unsaturated polyester resin with a higher pe

In the context of increasing the use of nanometals in electrical and electronic applications and improving their unique electrical properties, this research explains the effect of the mechanisms of scattering of phonons at room-temperature (293K) in addition to the scattering and reflection of electrons at the surface and at grain boundary on the electrical resistivity of Tungsten metal at different thicknesses. The electrical resistivity of Tungsten was obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation which the electron scattering coefficient at the surface (p) is calculated by the Fuch-Sondheimer model, and the grain boundary reflection coefficient (R) by the Mayadas-Shatzkes model were calculated as (p=0.89) and (R=0.18) for Tungs

The development in the field of technology has led to an increased need to develop optical fibers due to their ability to transmit information and data with the least amount of attenuation over long distances between city centers. In this research, mode properties calculation for five step-index single-mode optical fibers with core radii of (1.9 - 2.9) μm where the increase in radius is 0.25μm, with core and cladding indices _{(n1=1.4652, n2=1.458496157),} respectively and a numerical aperture of 0.14 has been done at 1064 nm wavelength using RP Fiber Calculator (free version 2025). The fundamental fiber mode properties such as effective area, power propagated in the core, propagation constant and effective refractive index wer

Our work introduces the notion of  -open set. This class of - open sets is not directly comparable to the categories of soft open, -closed. We demonstrate that the category of  -open sets lies strictly between the class of -open sets and -open sets. Additionally, we investigate the connections that exist between -open sets along with other kinds of soft sets. Moreover, we provide several criteria that are sufficient for determining the equivalence between -open sets and every one of -open sets and -open sets. Also, according to our findings, the family of -open sets is a supra soft topology. Furthermore, we make it clear the correlation that exists between the respective categories of  -open sets in a soft topological space and in its

Alpha power transformation family distributions (APT) are considered one of the modern transformations that have received the attention of researchers in the past decade and are concerned with adding a shape parameter. Based on APT, this paper proposes a new distribution by adding a new parameter to the two-parameter Rayleigh Weibull distribution, a new continuous distribution called alpha power Rayleigh Weibull distribution (APRWD) including three parameters  where ρ is known as shape parameter and ɑ, δ as scale parameters. This paper also includes a presentation of the mathematical construction of the basic statistical functions: cumulative, probability density, survival, and hazard functions. We also include an expansion of the cu

In this research, we will introduce a new distribution, which is called the new exponentiated exponential-Rayleigh distribution, which is built by adding the shape parameter to the cumulative function of the exponential-Rayleigh distribution resulting from merging the cdf function of three parameters continuous distribution. Two of these parameters are scale parameters, and another is the shape parameter and this is to make this new continuous statistical distribution more flexible than other continuous statistical distributions. Besides, discuss the mathematical and statistical properties of this new distribution, including (the mode, the median, the moments about the origin, the coeffi

        يُعدُّ الضمير من الأدوات الرابطة لأجزاء الكلام، إذْ يقوم مقام اللفظ الظاهر فيغني عن تكراره، فيصل الجمل بعضها بالبعض الآخر، ويحيل ما هو لاحق بما هو سابق، فيربط الكلام أوله بآخره، وقد ضم هذا البحث حديثاً عن الضمائر التي ظنَّ المستشرقون إنَّها استعملت في القرآن الكريم خلافاً للقواعد النحوية على حد زعمهم. فجاء الرد في سبعة مزاعم منها عود ضمير الجمع على المفرد اتحاداً مع الضمير المستتر في

عالج هذا البحث دراسة الترجيح النحوي عند الاسفندري، وهو علي بن عمر بن الجليل بن علي،  وكتابه( المقتبس في توضيح ما التبس) وهو شرح لكتاب الزمخشري(538هـ) الموسوم( المفصل في صنعة الإعراب)، وشرح الاسفندري المفصل إذْ اقتبس مواده من كتب جرت مجرى الشروح للمفصل كالتخمير والإيضاح والمحصل والعقارب، لذلك يعد من أضخم شروح المفصل وأكثرها اتساعاً، فهو يورد نقلاً أو نقلين أو أكثر للمسألة، ثم يحلل ويناقش المسائل، فيبدأ باستع

ترنو هذه  الدراسة  إلى تحليل الاستعارات التّصوريّة  في الخطاب القيميّ للأديب ميخائيل نعيمة في اطار نظرية (جورج لايكوف)و(مارك جونسون)حول الاستعارة التّصوريّة،  وقد درس هذا البحث كيفية تمثّل خطاب نعيمة المفاهيم الأخلاقية الفردية والمجتمعية التي تهدف إلى أسمو بالإنسان ومعرفة الغاية من وجوده حيث جرى تمثُّلها في استعارات تواضعيّة غير شعرية  انبثقت من واقع نعيمة ،وثقافته ،وتجاربه ويهدف هذا البحث إل

يعتبر البيت النجفي ذو الفناء المفتوح من الأنماط المعمارية المهمة في تاريخ العمارة العراقية، يتميز هذا النمط بالانغلاق عن الخارج والانفتاح الى الداخل من خلال فناء وسطي ينفتح الى السماء تطل عليه فضاءات البيت المختلفة (شبه المغلقة والمغلقة) بترتيب معقد مكوناً بيئة خاصة بالساكنين فيه. اذ يفسر تخطيطه على انه استجابة للقيم الاجتماعية والثقافية للمجتمع وأحيانا يفسر على انه استجابة للظروف المناخية المحلية.

تطرق الشيخ علي بن يحيى الزيادي الشارح  لكتاب المحرر للامام الرافعي في كتابه المقرر في شرح المحرر باب صلاة الخسوفين بأنها سُنة يتحرم فيه بنية صلاة الخسوف، وهي ركعتان في كل منهما قيامان وركوعان، ولا يزيد أن يزيد ركوعاً ثالثاً عند تمادي الخسوف،  أو يقتصرعلى واحدةٍ عند سرعة الإنجلاء، ويستحب أداءها بالجماعة والجهر بالقراءة في خسوف القمر والإسرار في كسوف الشمس، ثم يخطب الامام بعدها خطبتين.

للبنية السردية في النصوص النثرية أو الشعرية، عدد من المكوّنات، وتتفاوت تلك المكونات في أهميتها، وتتمايز فيما تفضي إليه من دلالات تُفصح عنها، ويُعتبر الحوار من أبرز وأهم تلك المقومات السردية التي ترتكز عليها البنية السردية، لاسيما في الشعر القصصي؛ ذلك لأن اللغة تتميز عمومًا بطبيعتها الحوارية التي تتأتى من أنها تُضمر الآخر الذي تتوجه إليه بالضرورة"، ومن المزايا التي يتسم بها الحوار عن تقنيات القص الأخرى، أ