In this paper, we will generalized some results related to centralizer concept on
prime and semiprime Γ-rings of characteristic different from 2 .These results
relating to some results concerning left centralizer on Γ-rings.

     A seismic study was conducted to re-interpret the Qasab and Jawan Oil fields in northwestern Iraq, south of the city of Mosul, by reprocessing many seismic sections of a number of field surveys by using the Petrel software. Two reflectors, represented by the Hartha formation, deposited during the Cretan age, and the Euphrates formation, formed during the Tertiary age, were delineated to stabilize the structural picture of these fields.

The stratigraphic study showed that the Qasab and Jawan fields represent areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. Seismic attribute analysis showed low values of instantaneous frequency in the areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. Instantaneous phase was used to determine the limits

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and (Lepidium sativus) is commonly grown in urban and suburban areas where the soil may be polluted with heavy metal such as lead. In this study, short exposure of radish and cress plantlets to (0,10,20,30,50)ppm lead in nutrient solution (three months) in growth chamber conditions elicited an antioxidative response, measured in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein and proline accumulation and peroxidase and Catalase activity. Longer exposure to lead when radish and cress was grown outdoors for 90 days in pots filled with field soil with different lead content also resulted in higher lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation and altered protein content and enzyme activity. The results also showed significan

In this article we derive two reliability mathematical expressions of two kinds of s-out of -k stress-strength model systems; and . Both stress and strength are assumed to have an Inverse Lomax distribution with unknown shape parameters and a common known scale parameter. The increase and decrease in the real values of the two reliabilities are studied according to the increase and decrease in the distribution parameters. Two estimation methods are used to estimate the distribution parameters and the reliabilities, which are Maximum Likelihood and Regression. A comparison is made between the estimators based on a simulation study by the mean squared error criteria, which revealed that the maximum likelihood estimator works the best.

     In this work proton exchange membranes were prepared by a modified microwave casting solution technique, using the polymers blend (polyethersulfone (PES), polystyrene (PS), polyvinylidenefluride (PVDF)). Modified casting method was used to overcome the poor compatibility between hydrophilic, (PES, PS) and hydrophobic PVDF, by cooling the substrate during the film casting process to (4.5-5.5^oC). Membranes were chemically modified by three reaction types to study the differences between their effects on the required properties for microbial fuel cell application. These methods use blend organic sulfonic acid precasting process and sulfonation by sulfuric acid post-casting process (APS), blending organic

   For a finite group G, the intersection graph   of G is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all proper non-trivial subgroups of G, where two distinct vertices are adjacent if their intersection is a non-trivial subgroup of G. In this article, we investigate the detour index, eccentric connectivity, and total eccentricity polynomials of the intersection graph  of subgroups of the dihedral group  for distinct primes . We also find the mean distance of the graph  .

 Extracellular alkaline protease production by Aspergillus niger was studied with
the presence of different carbon and nitrogen sources availability in batch culture
condition .A. niger showed better protease production in the presence of organic
nitrogen sources compare to inorganic nitrogen sources in the medium, which
consist of 1% glucose as carbon source, 1.5% casein hydrolysate as nitrogen source
and 1% Nacl at initial pH=10 on rotary shaker incubator 140 rpm at 40 ºC for 5
days.

هدف البحث: معرفة تأثير المدخل الثقافي كأساس للتعليم في تحقيق تنمية إنسانية في المجتمع العراقي.

أهمية البحث: لا يمكن تجاهل أهمية  المدخل الثقافي بصفته أساس التعليم في تقدم المجتمع العراقي وتنميته، إذ يقاس تطور المجتمع وقدرته على تحقيق تنمية فعالة بمدى تقدمه في سوح  المعرفة، ومدى قدرتها على تكوين قاعدة علمية وثقافية منظمة تفضي إلى بناء منظومة ثقافية  علمية متك

The present work includes the synthesis of different Schiff bases by the reaction of aniline with benzaldehyde and its derivatives. These Schiff bases reacted with phenoxy acid chloride to yield acetanilide derivatives. The synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives has been performed by the reaction of phenoxyacetanilide derivatives with guanidine carbonate and diethyl malonate (DEM) derivatives. Elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared compounds.
The antibacterial activity of the products were studied in vitro using disc diffusion method against two pathogenic strains of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and showed high activity against both types.

The 2001 outburst of WZ Sagittae has shown the most compelling evidence yet for an enhancement of the mass transfer rate from the donor star during a dwarf nova outburst in the form of hot-spot brightening. It has been shown that even in this extreme case, the brightening can be attributed to tidal heating near the interaction point of an accretion stream with the expanding edge of an eccentric accretion disc, with no need at all for an increase in the mass transfer rate. Furthermore, it has been confirmed previous suggestions that an increase in mass transfer rate through the stream damps any eccentricity in an accretion disc and suppresses the appearance of super-humps, in contradiction to observations. Tidal heating is expected to be

مما لا شك فيه أن ظاهرة عدم المساواة في العمل أو التعليم وفي كافة مجالات الحياة الأخرى بين الذكور والاناث من الظواهر التي تستحق الدراسة والتحليل لاسيما وانها من الظواهر الخطيرة وتتجسد خطورتها على جميع الاتجاهات والمستويات فلها آثار سلبية على المرأة باعتبارها الجزء أو النصف الثاني من المجتمع وتعتبر اللامساواة من المعيقات الأساسية للتنمية. ولهذا نالت هذه الظاهرة اهتمام العالم أجمع من دارسين وباحثين ومختصين

In this paper, we establish the conditions of the occurrence of the local bifurcations, such as saddle node, transcritical and pitchfork, of all equilibrium points of an eco-epidemiological model consisting of a prey-predator model with SI (susceptible-infected) epidemic diseases in prey population only and a refuge-stage structure in the predators. It is observed that there is a transcritical bifurcation near the axial and free predator equilibrium points, near disease-free equilibrium point is a saddle-node bifurcation and near positive (coexistence) equilibrium point is a saddle-node bifurcation, a transcritical bifurcation and a pitchfork bifurcation. Further investigations for Hopf bifurcation near coexistence equilibrium point are

     Evapotranspiration (ET) is produced from vegetation transpiration and soil evaporation. The ET measurements must be considered to study water management systems and irrigation (planning, designing and operating). This study is based on USGS (United States Geological Survey) data by the SSEBop (Simplified Surface Energy Balance) model to estimate the total annual amount of ET using ArcGIS software. The ET values were determined for seventeen years from 2003 to 2019. Also, these values for year 2020 were estimated based on the value of the monthly ET for seven months, i.e. until August by summation. The field data of gauge stations spread throughout Iraq for the year 2012 were used to verify the ET values for the s

In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of all solutions of impulsive neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients and with impulsive integral term was investigated. Some sufficient conditions were obtained to ensure that all nonoscillatory solutions converge to zero. Illustrative examples were given for the main results.

تهتم الدراسة بالخصائص الكمية المتمثلة بالتركيب النوعي والعمري للسكان الاميين في محافظة بغداد على مستوى قضاء وحسب تعداد عام 1997، ومسح الامن الغذائي والهشاشة للأسرة في العراق لعام 2016، فضلا عن احصائيات الجهاز التنفيذي لمحو الامية لعام 2019، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على السكان الاميين من عمر عشر سنوات فأكثر وعلى الفئات العمرية العشرية، اوضحت الدراسة بأن نسبة النوع للسكان الاميين للأعوام الثلاثة قد جاءت منخفضة على مس

لقد اهتم الإسلام بالجانب النفسي والانفعالي للإنسان الى جانب الاهتمام بالبناء العقلي والمعرفي فضلاً عن البناء الجسدي له، واحتلت التربية الوجدانية مكاناً بارزاً وخصصت لها مساحة واسعة في تشريعاته.

        ونالت حظها الاوفر في بيان مبلغ رسالة ربه والمطبق الأول لأحكامه النبي الأمين (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) وأتم المهمة من بعده آله بيته الطاهرين.

        وقد جعلنا كساءها و

The arrangement of the letters and words in the Holy Qur'an is based on a form of literary and spiritual subtlety consistent with the human soul. Despite the implications and audio phenomena, the Qur'anic tone is achieved by the harmony and proportionality of a set of components of the letters and words that appear soothing for ear, surprises the souls and amuses listeners by the grandeur of its meaning. The present study has tried to investigate the repetitive audio phenomena in Al-Qalam (The Pen) Sura through a descriptive and analytical-statistical method; the findings indicate managed to prove such a phenomenon, especially in some specific letters, including  A, L, N, M, W, Ya'a, Ba'a, Ra'a and Kaff out of 28 Arabic letters. The

الوجود الحقيقي عند سارتر هو الوجود الإنساني .. أما الوجود العام فهو لا قيمة له ، لأنه يخلو من الشعور كالجماد والحيوان .... وقد وصف الوجود بأنه ناقص ، لذلك كان عالم الوجود الإنساني في صراع دائم للوصول إلى ما يريده . بل الإنسان لا يمتلك طبيعة جوهرية ثابتة يتشكل بها وجوده لذلك يكتسب صفاته من خلال أفعاله التي اختارها . وأهم من كل شيء فإن الوجود هو الحرية نفسها .

لقد كثر الحديث في الفترة الاخيرة عن الجفاف وشحة المياه في العراق ، وبعد ان بان هذا الامر بشكل واضح لا يقبل التأويل أصبح موضوع المياه ونقصها وتردي نوعيتها تحديا كبيرا يتطلب من دول المنطقة وضع الاستراتيجيات ضد الأخطار التي تواجهها ، مما قاد هذا الأمر العراق إلى استعمال جزءٍ كبير من مخزونه الاستراتيجي في السدود والخزانات إذ أصبح لزاما التنسيق المسبق بين الدول المشتركة في مياه نهري دجلة والفرات وهي سوريا وتركي

The current study included the preparation of the aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae), commonly known as radish which is widely available throughout the world and has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. The study was designed to evaluate the in vivo cytogenetic activity of the crude aqueous extract of R. sativus on mitosis on Allium cepa root tips as a plant test system. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude aqueous extract (0.00, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/ml). The study included a number of cytogenetic analyses such as mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. The data s

قامت  الدولة العباسية بعلاقات ودّية مع  ملوك المشرق ولاسيما  ممالك الهند وفرغانة ، وقد اتخذت هذه  العلاقات  سبلاً متعددة ، في مقدمتها عقد معاهدات  الصلح والدعوة  الى الاسلام  وتبادل  الهدايا والعطايا  بين خلفاء بني العباس وملوك هاتين الدولتين وأمرائها، فضلاً عن تولية  بعض ملوك هذه البلدان  المرتبطة  شكلياً أو اسمياً بدولة الخلافة  العباسية ، توليتهم  على بل

Three Staphylococcus aureus isolates were selected after screening on nutrient agar
media amended with 100μg/ml of five heavy metals chlorides (i.e: Aluminum Al+2, Iron
Fe+2, Lead Pb+2, Mercury Hg+2 and Zinc Zn+2) from those isolates one S. aureus (S3) isolate
was selected depending on its resistance to all heavy metals chloride. Minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) for this isolate was 1000μg/ml for all tested metals chlorides except
Hg+2 (300μg/ml). Growth of S. aureus (S3) was not affected in presence of pbCl2 and AlCl2
for 72hrs; however, it was affected by ZnCl2 and FeCl2 during incubation period while
mercury causes no bacterial growth. In response to various temperatures bacterial isolate

     Groundwater is necessary to ensure the safety of Mandali's water supply. Groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the city for this study. Two aquifers have been identified: the first is a free bed made up of Quaternary deposits. The second is the primary bed that conveys water,  belonging to the Bai Hassan Formation. Nineteen groundwater samples were collected from wells and examined for physicochemical parameters in the current study during October 2021. Samples were analyzed for main cations Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺;  anions HCO^3- , SO₄^2- , Cl^- and NO₃^-,  pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Total Dissol

The synthesis and characterization of new complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II) ,Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with bidentate Schiff base 1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-
benzaladene-5-oxo-pyrazole ligand which was prepared via the condensation
reaction of both benzaldehyde with 1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-amino-5-oxo-pyrazole
in acidic medium. The complexes were synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution
of the ligand with appropriate amount of metal salts [1:2] [M:L] ratio. The
complexes were characterized by metal and elemental analysis, FTIR, electronic
spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and mole ratio. According to the
obtained data the probable coordination geometries of manganese, co

       لقد كان موضوع البحث (الفرق بين الرواية الشهادة عند الأصوليين) لما له من الأثر الكبير على كثير من التطبيقات الفقهية، وقد حاولت بيان معنى الرواية ثم الشهادة لغة واصطلاحا، ثم بيان الشروط المعتبرة في قبول الشاهد والراوي وبينت ضوابط أسماء الخبر، وفرقت بين الرواية والشهادة، وهو صلب الموضوع مع بعض التطبيقات الفقهية. وهذا جهد المقِّل، نسأل الله أن يعفوا عنا ما كان من الزلل، وأن يرزقنا فضل الصواب

Cryptography provides confidentiality and privacy by scrambling information. This paper presents a new cryptographic method using English letters frequencies and AVL tree to provide an increased level of confidence for exchanging information over networks especially internet which is insecure network.
Experiment results of the proposed method provide better security than the classical methods depending on number of parts used to build the key in this method.

Dust storm in Iraq is a climatic phenomenon. Dust storm data from 1992 to 2009 and data of main climatic parameters rainfall (1942 to 2010) and air temperature (1992 to 2009) of Erbil Meteorological Station were analysed. Results show an increase of the number of suspended and rising dust as well as dust storms with time. An average of the above mentioned period of all types of dust storms is individually compared with the last five years. Again, there is a noticeable increasing of the number of storms. From the results it can be seen that the months May, June, July and August have the most frequent dust conditions while months January, February, November and December the least. The annual precipitation trend line for water years has a s

      The goal of this research is to better understand the physical features of starburst galaxies. Radio and X-ray observations are good for exploring the stuff within the central regions of galaxies.  A galaxy that is undergoing a strong star formation, usually in its central area, is known as a starburst galaxy. This paper provides the results of a statistical analysis of a sample of starburst galaxies. The data used in this research have been collected from NASA Extragalactic Database (NED), and HYPERLEDA. Those data have been used to examine possible luminosity correlations of X-ray to a radio of a sample of starburst galaxies. In this research, statistical software, known as statistic-win-program, has been used to investigat

     The study area is located in Al-Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. The climatic data were collected from Al-Ramadi Meteorological Station for the period 1990 to  2020 and used to assess the climatic condition of the study area. The total annual rainfall, relative humidity, monthly average temperature, evaporation, wind speed and sunshine duration are 108 mm, 52.7 %, 22.6˚C, 2814.3 mm, 2.2 m/s and 8.8 h/day, respectively. The climate of the study area is described as an arid to sub arid and relatively hot in summer and cold with low rain in winter. During the data used, the highest potential evapotranspiration was 217.1 mm in July, while the lowest value was 10.7 mm in January, with a total amount of 1170.07 mm. The highest and l