Pragmatics of translation is mainly concerned with how social contexts have their own influence on both the source text (ST) initiator's linguistic choices and the translator's interpretation of the meanings intended in the target text (TT). In translation, socio-pragmatic failure(SPF), as part of cross-cultural failure, generally refers to a translator's misuse or misunderstanding of the social conditions placed on language in use. In addition, this paper aims to illustrate the importance of SPF in cross-cultural translation via identifying that such kind of failure most likely leads to cross-cultural communication breakdown. Besides, this paper attempts to answer the question of whether translators from English into Arabic or vice versa have recognized the ST intentionality and rendered it in the TT or no. Furthermore, the examples examined in this paper were selected from many published works and these examples include, among others, Qur'anic and Biblical translations, extracts from literature and newspaper headlines. The said examples are analyzed according to the functional pragmatic approach to translation where the norms of both the ST and the TT are bilaterally considered. Moreover, this paper contributes to the literature on translation by highlighting that SPF, as one of the major issues in cross-cultural translation, has not been given due attention in the studies on translation from Arabic into English or vice versa. Finally, this paper concludes that when translators have adequate linguistic competence, communicative competence and cultural knowledge, SPF can be overcome and socio-pragmatic success is possible.
This study aimed to manufacture an innovative device that enables the player to walk after the operation and improves the functional efficiency through the improvement in the range of motion as well as the improvement in the size of the muscles working on the knee joint. The research, the study population consisted of players with severing the anterior cruciate ligament of the advanced soccer players, and the number of the research sample was (5) injured for the control sample and (5) for the experimental sample in Abu Ghraib Hospital and some rehabilitation centers for a period of six months, and the pre-tests were conducted after two weeks of The cruciate ligament surgery was performed, and the innovative device was used for the e
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It is no secret to anyone that studying and investigating books of jurisprudence, despite their suffering, is a pleasure that cannot be compared to pleasure, and it has benefits and importance that cannot be limited and summed up, and it has great fruits that researchers and students of knowledge reap, as well as enriching libraries with jurisprudential material, after dusting them and taking them out to the light of libraries to be seen. Researchers and scholars, generation after generation, so that this nation can benefit from this pioneering intellectual and scientific product that was written for us by our first ancestors of working scholars who enriched human civilization with this scientific material, which has become a beacon guid
... Show MoreCadmium has been known to be harmful to human healthy , manily Via contaminated drinking water , food supplies , tobacco and industrial pollutant . The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of new Cadmium (II) complex ( Bis[ 5- ( P- nitrophenyl ) – ? 4 – Phenyl- 1,2,4- triazole -3- dithiocarbamatohydrazide] cadmium (II) Hydra ( 0.5) and compare it with anticancer drug cyclophosphamide ( CP) in female albino mice . This complex causes to several alterations in Enzymatic activity of Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP ) in three organs after the treatment of mice with different doses of a new cadmium (II) complex ( 0.09 / 0.25ml , 0.18/ 0.5ml and 0.25mg /0.7 ml /30 gm of mous
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The current study aims to identify the feeling of job alienation and organizational commitment among free lecturers in secondary schools, as well as to identify the significance of the differences in the feeling of job alienation according to the gender and the significance of the differences in organizational commitment according to the gender. It also aims to identify the correlation between the feeling of job alienation and organizational commitment. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher developed two scales: one consisted of (24) items to measure the vacancy in job alienation and the other consisted of (24) items to measure the organizational commitment. The two tools were applied to a sample of (200) male and fem
... Show MoreBackground: This research identified Streptococci spp. depending on culture, biochemistry, the VITEK technique, ability to produce biofilms, and antibiotic resistance. Aim: The goal of this study was to perform microbiological procedures to evaluate the qualitative qualities of mozzarella cheese against infective Streptococci using microbiological care. Methods: Sixty (60) mozzarella cheese samples were brought from diverse markets in Baghdad from October 2023 to December 2023 at the Zoonoses Research Unit and Veterinary Public Health Department, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Baghdad. Culture of samples on agar (MacConkey and blood) and aerobically incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Gram staining purified colonies to
... Show MoreThe research aimed to prepare a measure of the importance of enlightenment, academic education, and applied skills for third-stage female students, including teaching methods from their point of view/College of Education and Sports Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriyah. The researchers used descriptive description in the comprehensive research procedures, an appropriate methodology in achieving the research objectives, sufficient for interpretations, how important is the academic teacher’s knowledge of teaching methods for student learning, what are the roles that the learners have acquired from the academic teacher. The scale of importance and horror consists of 15 items. The research population includes female students of t
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Background: Many types of instruments and techniques are used in the instrumentation of the root canal system. These instruments and techniques may extrude debris beyond the apical foramen and may cause post-instrumentation complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris resulted by using 4 types of nickel-titanium instruments (WaveOne, TRUShape 3D conforming files, Hyflex CM, and One Shape files) during endodontic instrumentation. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular second premolar with straight canals and a single apex were collected for this study. All teeth were cut to similar lengths. Pre-weighted glass vials were used as collecting containers. Samples were randoml
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