This study aims to answer a significant problem of social sciences and philosophy: How do we construct an institutional reality such as diplomacy with an objective recognizable existence? The study assumes that the ability to build institutional reality is based on our biological capacity, as it takes different forms in all the institutions we construct. The study takes the theory of the American philosopher John Searle as an approach to examining the assumption. The study sums up important findings; cultures, although they share the biological capacity on which they produce institutional realities, differ in the form of the value standards on which the institutional realities are based. The study recommends the need of Arab social resea

Abstract of the research:

     This research sheds light on an important phenomenon in our Arabic language, which is linguistic sediments, and by which we mean a group of vocabulary that falls out of use and that native speakers no longer use it, and at the same time it happens that few individuals preserve the phenomenon and use it in their lives, and it is one of the most important phenomena that  It should be undertaken and studied by researchers;  Because it is at the heart of our huge linguistic heritage, as colloquial Arabic dialects retain a lot of linguistic sediments, and we usually find them at all levels of language: phonetic, banking, grammatical and semantic.  In the

 The feature that prevails in spoken political discourse - especially with regards to the fact
that it is otherwise used in the written one - is relatively high degree of formality. It is then just
logical that formality is usually accompanied with more polite forms and higher degree of
impersonality. Such discourse is characterized by the choice of specific vocabulary and syntactic
structures as well. However, there are some tendencies to bring political speech nearer to the
everyday discourse and that is why political speeches have been becoming more informal and
personal. Like any other types of discourse, the American political speeches are loaded with
deictic expressions that form an essential complementary

BN Rashid

Аннотация

      В статье считается национально-культурная специфика и языковое изменчивость выражения заключений в художественном тексте. В настоящее время в изучении художественного текста существует множество взаимодополняющих подходов и концепций, которые способствуют лучшему пониманию его языковых и культурных аспектов. Художественный текст как «воспроизведение» и от

Наше исследование посвящено образу маленького человека в русской литературе. Судьба маленьких забытых, униженых людей занимает особое место в русской литературе. Жизнь и всѐ что относятся к ним, кажутся окружаему миру ничтожными, недостойными внимания. «именно такие люди иногда по воле обстоятельств, повинуясь крику души, начинали бороться против не справедливости».1
Жизнь этих людей понравились писа

After 2003, Iraq witnessed new challenges represented by the predominance of sectarian discourses, hatred and extremism at the expense of moderate political discourse and the predominance of sub-affiliations and external agendas at the expense of national affiliation, which led to the creation of an unsafe or stable environment dominated by the character of violence and terrorism. Moderate discourse would work to fuse sub-affiliations into one melting pot in which it would be the first loyalty to the homeland and not to the tribe, party or sect... Etc., and this in turn will contribute to promoting peaceful coexistence between the various other sub-affiliations within the framework of one community construction