لقد اخذ موضوع المياه حيزا كبيرا في كتابات الباحثين وصناع القرار على المستوى العالمي والعربي والمحلي لاسيما في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة لاسباب كثيرة منها ما هو متعلق بندرة هذا المورد، والذي يقابله زيادة في الطلب مع تزايد اعداد السكان وارتفاع مستوى معيشتهم اذ تزداد الحاجة اكثر للمياه فضلا عن استخدامها في مجالات الزراعة والصناعة والاحتياجات المنزلية مما يجعلها عنصرا ضروريا وحيويا في حياة المجتمعات، كما وتعد الموارد المائية لاسيما التي تشترك فيها اكثر من دولة مصدرا من مصادر النزاع والتوتر بين الدول وستشكل حلبة الصراع المستقبلي تحت مسمى (حرب المياه) فهنالك العديد من الدراسات العالمية التي اهتمت بالادارة الاستراتيجية للموارد المائية واخذت كل دراسة جانبا معينا بحسب الاولوية التي يراها الباحثون في تشخيص المشكلة مما يؤكد ازمة المياه على المستوى العالمي. لقد تباينت آراء الباحثين في عرض استراتيجيات ادارة الموارد المائية فمنهم من اعطى الاولوية لاصحاب المصلحة في حل المشكلة والبعض الآخر ركز على التحليل البيئي وآخرون بينوا اهمية الادارة الداخلية الصارمة وغيرهم وجدوا ان المحور القانوني والسياسي هو الاهم في الاستراتيجيات لاسيما في الموارد المائية التي تشترك فيها اكثر من دولة وذهب البعض الى ان المحاسبة المائية وبصمة المياه كفيلة في السيطرة على ادارة الموارد المائية وعدوها محورا مهما في الادارة المتكاملة للموارد المائية. وفي العراق فان مشكلة المياه مركبة تتكون من مجمل المحاور السابقة وهذا يتطلب صياغة استراتيجية مبنية على تحليل دقيق لهذه العوامل للخروج بخيار استراتيجي يتناسب وحجم هذه التحديات لمعالجة هذه الازمة الخطيرة وبالتالي فان اختيارنا للدراسات العالمية والعربية والمحلية المشابهة لحالة العراق سيسهم في توضيح الاستراتيجية المقترحة اختصارا للجهد والوقت وذلك من خلال تحليل الاستراتيجيات مدار البحث للاستفادة منها في رسم ملامح الاستراتيجية العراقية.
The purpose of this research work is to synthesize conjugates of some NSAIDs with sulfamethoxazole as possible mutual prodrugs to overcome the local gastric irritation of NSAID with free carboxyl group by formation of ester linkage that supposed to remain intact in stomach and may hydrolyze in intestine chemically or enzymatically; in addition to that attempting to target the synthesized derivative to the colon by formation of azo group that undergo reduction only by colonic bacterial azo reductaze enzyme to liberate the parent compound to act locally (treatment of inflammation and infections in colon).
Key words: Mutual prodrug, Ester linkage, Azo bond, Colon targeting
Thin films of Zinc Selenide ZnSe have been prepared by using thermal evaporation in vacuum technique (10-5Torr) with thickness (1000, 2700, 4000) A0 and change electrode material and deposited on glass substrates with temperature (373K) and study some electrical properties at this temperature . The graphs shows linear relation between current and voltage and the results have shown increases in the value of current and electrical conductivity with increase thickness and change electrode material from Aluminum to Copper
The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay
... Show MoreThe study aims to design an electronic puppet educational theater by Camtasia studio and identify the effectiveness in learning some of the artistic gymnastics skills for first grade, the research curriculum is experimental by designing two equal groups, and the research sample first grade students are distributed among 4 grade, and by the pumpkin determines two divisions (15 from each) representing the experimental group and control group, the main experiment conducted for 8 weeks by two educational units per week after which the post-tests were conducted, SPSS was used to process the results, and it was found that the electronic puppet educational theater contributed by making the learning process enjoyable and interesting and meeting the
... Show MoreThe study aimed at designing compound exercises using added weight on some skill abilities in youth soccer players aged (17 – 19) years old. The researcher sued the experimental method on (30) players aged (17 – 19) years old from Al Zawraa Sport Club. The subjects were divided into three groups and the training program was applied for (8) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that compound exercises with weights between improved the subjects compared to the groups that did not use the added weights. Finally, the researchers recommended the necessity of using compound exercises using added weights during training sessions for youth soccer pla
... Show MoreINFLUENCE OF SOME FACTOR ON SOMATIC EMBRYOS INDUCTION AND GERMINATION OF DATE PALM CV BARHI BY USING CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE TECHNIQUEe
The basic skills (defensive & offensive) in basketball it is a base for completion and decide the level of the team and the rank, in same time considers the axel of the researchers when putting tests and forming new groups so close from real situation games to create real vision and estimate for skill state and a method to recorrect & presenting positive resolutions, the problem of research were indicate to variables may happen in training operation it demand tests matches with these variables and forming new standards, and another way the researchers find a few patterns for measuring basic skills (defensive & offensive) also application these tests on samples it differs from the originals one that the tests designed for it. The sample repr
... Show More؛ ١٨his study male and female albino mice werdministr^d doses of alkaloid and phenolic extracts of Allium cepa at doses of( 25 ,50,100, 200) mg / kg of( body weight). males and females were divided into four groups and each croup comprised mice were injected intra^ritonially daily for one week and orally ٢٠٢ one month . After which animals were killed and the serum was separated for biochemical analysis (total blood suger, total protein , otal cholesterol). Results showed significant decrease ( p< 0,05) in the total blood suger and total cholesterol on the serum of both males and females and significant increase( p< 0,05) in the total serum protein of both males and females of the two types of injection and oral administr
... Show MoreThe target of this study was to synthesize several new Ciprofloxacin drug analogs by providing a nucleophilic substitution procedure that provides new functionality at the carboxylic group location. The analogs were synthesized, designed, and characterized by 1HNMR, and FTIR. The synthetic path began from the reaction of ciprofloxacin drug with morpholine to give compound[B], ciprofloxacin derivative was linked with a variety of primary and secondary amines to give compounds[B1-B9]. The above-mentioned prepared compounds [B3 and B5] were applied to liver enzymes, and the increase in the activity of these enzymes was observed. In addition, a theoretical study was conducted to study the energies and properties of the prepared co
... Show MoreComplexes from the ligand (2-hydroxy benzaldine)-4-aminoantipyrine with some transition metal ions V(l?),Cr(lll),Fe(lll) and Co(ll) were prepared in the presence of the co-ligand 1,10-phenanthroline in alcoholic medium. These compounds were characterized by the available techniques: FT-IR ,UV-Visible ,magnetic susceptibility, Flame atomic absorption technique as well as elemental analysis and conductivity mesurments .From these spectral studies, a square pyramidal structure proposed for V(IV) complex and an octahedral geometry for Cr(III),Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes. The biological activity of the ligands and their complexes were evaluated by a gar plate diffusion technique against three human pathogenic bacterial strains: Pseudomonas ae
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