Introduction: Elite football performance hinges on rapid tactical decision-making under physical and cognitive strain. While peripheral fatigue’s effects on motor output are well documented, the neurophysiological markers of mental fatigue and their impact on in-game decision making remain underexplored. Objective: To determine how EEG-derived central fatigue indices—frontal theta power and the theta/alpha ratio—relate to tactical decision accuracy and speed in elite football players. Methodology: Twenty male national-level footballers (age 22.4 ± 2.1 years; ≥ 5 years’ experience) completed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 while wearing an 8-channel dry-electrode frontal EEG headset. Frontal theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and the theta/alpha ratio were extracted pre- and post-test. Decision-making was assessed via a validated 40-scenario video-based tactical test measuring accuracy (%) and reaction time (ms). Results: Post-fatigue, frontal theta increased by 45% and the theta/alpha ratio by 47% (both p < 0.001), while decision accuracy declined by 15% (p = 0.004) and reaction time slowed by 18% (p = 0.002). The theta/alpha ratio explained 52% of variance in decision accuracy (p < 0.001). Discussion: These findings confirm that wearable EEG markers sensitively capture central fatigue effects and directly predict tactical decision impairments, extending central fatigue theory to applied sport contexts. Conclusion: Frontal theta and the theta/alpha ratio are robust, portable biomarkers for monitoring cognitive fatigue in football, offering practical avenues for real-time performance management and optimized training or substitution strategies.
A Schiff base ligand (L) was used as primary ligand and potassium anthranilate (Anth) was used as the secondary ligand in the molar ratio M: L:2Anth to synthesize a new platinum(IV) mixed-ligand complex [Pt(L)(Anth)₂]Cl₂. The Schiff base ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 4-Aminoantipyrine with 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and was verified as a bidentate ligand. The UV-visible, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, CHN elemental analysis, molar conductance, chloride ion determination and melting point measurements were used to characterize the ligand and the complex. The results of the molar conductance showed that the electrolytic behavior was 1:2, where the two chloride ions were present outside the coordination sphere, while the spectroscopi
... Show MoreHigh-volume traffic with ultra-heavy axle loads combined with extremely hot weather conditions increases the propagation of rutting in flexible pavement road networks. Several studies suggested using nanomaterials in asphalt modification to delay the deterioration of asphalt pavement. The current work aims to improve the resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) to rutting by incorporating Nano Silica (NS) in specific concentrations. NS was blended into asphalt mixtures in concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% by weight of the binder. The behavior of asphalt mixtures subjected to aging was investigated at different stages (short-term and long-term aging). The performance characteristics of the asphalt mixtures were evaluated using the Marshall s
... Show MoreThe term of heterocyclic chemistry focuses only on heterocyclic compounds, which consider as a percentage of organic chemistry, they equal to greater than sixty-five. These compounds are widely founded in nature and most of them are important to life. In the past few years, scientist fused on 1,2,4-triazoles and their condensed heterocyclic ring due to their medicinal significance, 1,2,4-triazole containing Sulphur atom is one of the important heterocyclic moieties due to its broad range of biological activities also their derivatives can accommodate one of the alternatives as electronic effect as exchanges of the electronic density (electron donating or withdrawing) groups ; for all what mentioned above they are consider as a core
... Show MoreA new Ni(II) nanostructured chelating system (DHN) was introduced for selective optical heavy-metal ion sensing in an aqueous medium. The cooperative chelating system comprising 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and dimethylglyoxime (DMG) has been developed for the first time in association with fibre optic sensing for selective optical heavy-metal ion sensing in an aqueous medium. The Ni(II) nanocompound fluoresces upon 578 nm excitation, showing a highly sensitive optical response with a linear calibration curve in the range 0–100 ng/mL. The regression equation of the calibration curve is y = 0.0035x + 0.9990, which indicates very good linearity, implying R2 = 0.999 with high sensitivity (calibration slope of 0.0035) and low baseline noise (bla
... Show MoreA Schiff base ligand (L) was synthesized via condensation of
Background/Objectives: Nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) is the gold-standard technique for treating periodontitis. However, an individual’s susceptibility or the inadequate removal of subgingival biofilms could lead to unfavorable responses to NSPT. This study aimed to assess the potential of salivary and microbiological biomarkers in predicting the site-specific and whole-mouth outcomes of NSPT. Methods: A total of 68 periodontitis patients exhibiting 1111 periodontal pockets 4 to 6 mm in depth completed the active phase of periodontal treatment. Clinical periodontal parameters, saliva, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from each patient at baseline and three months after NSPT. A quantitative PCR assay was us
... Show MoreThe cost-effective removal of heavy metal ions represents a significant challenge in environmental science. In this study, we developed a straightforward and efficient reusable adsorbent by amalgamating chitosan and vermiculite (forming the CSVT composite), and comprehensively investigated its selective adsorption mechanism. Different techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) analysis were employed for this purpose. The prepared CSVT composite exhibited a larger surface area and higher mesoporosity increasing from 1.9 to 17.24 m2/g compared to pristine chitosan. The adsorption capabilities of the
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