The influx of data in bioinformatics is primarily in the form of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. This condition places a significant burden on scientists and computers. Some genomics studies depend on clustering techniques to group similarly expressed genes into one cluster. Clustering is a type of unsupervised learning that can be used to divide unknown cluster data into clusters. The k-means and fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithms are examples of algorithms that can be used for clustering. Consequently, clustering is a common approach that divides an input space into several homogeneous zones; it can be achieved using a variety of algorithms. This study used three models to cluster a brain tumor dataset. The first model uses FCM, which is used to cluster genes. FCM allows an object to belong to two or more clusters with a membership grade between zero and one and the sum of belonging to all clusters of each gene is equal to one. This paradigm is useful when dealing with microarray data. The total time required to implement the first model is 22.2589 s. The second model combines FCM and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to obtain better results. The hybrid algorithm, i.e., FCM–PSO, uses the DB index as objective function. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid FCM–PSO method is effective. The total time of implementation of this model is 89.6087 s. The third model combines FCM with a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain better results. This hybrid algorithm also uses the DB index as objective function. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid FCM–GA method is effective. Its total time of implementation is 50.8021 s. In addition, this study uses cluster validity indexes to determine the best partitioning for the underlying data. Internal validity indexes include the Jaccard, Davies Bouldin, Dunn, Xie–Beni, and silhouette. Meanwhile, external validity indexes include Minkowski, adjusted Rand, and percentage of correctly categorized pairings. Experiments conducted on brain tumor gene expression data demonstrate that the techniques used in this study outperform traditional models in terms of stability and biological significance.
Background: Tap waters play an important role in fulfilling the people needs for drinking and domestic purposes. Contaminate the tap water with different pollutants has become an issue of great concern for 90% of people who are depended on the tap water as the main source of drinking. Pollutants can make their way easily into the delivering pipes which suffer from the leaking resulting in decreasing the quality of water. Objective: Therefore, assess the water quality for drinking purpose by calculating the water quality index is an important tool to ascertain whether the water is suitable for human consumption or not. Methods: In the present work, the water quality of the Al-Salam, western region of Baghdad city, Iraq was investigated for 7
... Show MoreThe research deals with analyzing the influencing role of trade policies in the growth and development of productive economic sectors and their contribution to GDP and its reflection on workforce employment. Studies have proven the success of the Malaysian experience in stimulating the productive economic sectors to grow and their contribution to the gross domestic product with an increase in the growth of local markets and access to international markets for national products. The research also deals with the ineffectiveness of Iraqi trade policies after 2003 in stimulating the productive economic sectors (agricultural and industrial) on economic growth, as most of the increase in Iraqi GDP growth throughout the study period was
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The internal control is the tool through which it is possible to verify and ensure the implementation of tasks in accordance with the established plans and programs and to evaluate the level of performance that is implemented within the different companies.
A guarantee from the supplier with the absence of a specialized technical committee that follows up the stages of implementing the contract and disbursing all amounts of financial dues to the supplier before completing the implementation of the contract and overlooking the non-implementation of some clauses of the contract by the committee in charge of
... Show MoreImpact Resistance training with and against the trajectory of the motor in some physical abilities and the BioA 100-meter, mechanical racing run for young people. That Training Jogging for different distances Melt -Rubber ropes According to direction and reversed movement With Obligations To the border of scientific of components Pregnancy Training represents to a training trend Aimed To Events Developments In The link between Starting and running, According to the specific mechanical requirements Have It Of Development of force Explosive and quick and their components which To give Border To the level Special speed for Stages Sprint run 100 m and amounts Efforts Required instantaneous powers. Noted Researcher In That Over there Repeat For
... Show MoreInform the people of the Enlightenment including what was said in detail
In photography
For Mohammed Hashim bin Ahmed footy famous Balva Hashim (Tel: 1349 e)
The Financial authority is considered as one of the most of benefited parts from financial statements which depends on it in process of accounting in taxes as basis to determine The Tax Base , but no confidence from financial authority part in objectivity of income financial information in them for many of limited companies led to no dependence on them to specify taxation contain & dependence on yearly regulations that issued them. To enhance the confidence of financial authority to these lists must meet its requirements, because the menus Fulfill the requirements of the financial authority increases the confidence in these statements and therefore reliable in determining the tax base. So this research aims to speci
... Show MoreThis research paper tries to show the significance of the narrative structure in the television advertisement and its connotations. The researchers chose the annual advertisement of Zain Mobile Telecommunication Company for the year 2020, which shed light on the global Corona pandemic crisis. The idea of the advertisement won wide approval as it focused on the suffering that everyone is witnessing like medical and security personnel in particular, and family relationships consequences.
In addition to the positive global interaction with the message presented by the Company in these exceptional circumstances. The advertisement, which lasted for 2.35 minutes, exceeded 13 million views in a short period of time. This prompted us to choos
Background: Dorsal plication on each side of the penis at the 2 and 10-o’clock positions had been a mainstay for correction of ventral penile curvature. However, because only the 12-o’clock position proved to be a nerve-free zone, dorsal plication at the 12-o’clock position can be advocated.
Objectives: To evaluate tunica albuginea plication with and without neurovascular bundle mobilization in patients with ventral penile curvature. Type of the study: A prospective study.
Methods: A 34 patients with a mean age of (4.8 ± 0.54) years, Who still
The research aimed to modeling a structural equation for tourist attraction factors in Asir Region. The research population is the people in the region, and a simple random sample of 332 individuals were selected. The factor analysis as a reliable statistical method in this phenomenon was used to modeling and testing the structural model of tourism, and analyzing the data by using SPSS and AMOS statistical computerized programs. The study reached a number of results, the most important of them are: the tourist attraction factors model consists of five factors which explain 69.3% of the total variance. These are: the provision of tourist services, social and historic factors, mountains, weather and natural parks. And the differenc
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