شهد عام 2003 جملة من التغييرات الايجابية فيما يخص الدور السياسي للمرأة في كل من العراق والاردن فقد أسهمت المتغيرات الدولية، ولا سيما انتشار مفاهيم الديمقراطية، وحقوق الإنسان، والتمكين السياسي للمرأة، في تعزيز حضور النساء داخل المؤسسات السياسية في البلدين، سواء عبر التمثيل البرلماني أو المشاركة في مواقع صنع القرار. في العراق مَثل عام 2003 نقطة تحول رئيسية وجاء بجملة من التغييرات الايجابية التي جعلت العراقيين متحمسين للمرحلة الجديدة ومن اهم المحاور والتي اشعلت التغيير الديمقراطي هو تضمين النساء بنسبة 25% في البرلمان العراقي. في المقابل شهدت الاردن اصلاحات واسعة لتقوية دور المرأة السياسي تمثلت في تعديل قوانين الانتخابات وتوسيع مقاعد الكوتا. لكن بعد 22 عاماً مورست فيها الكوتا هل اسهم هذا النظام في تحقيق تمثيل فعال وحقيقي للمرأة ام اقتصر على التمثيل الصوري او الشكلي دون ان يترجم الى تمكين سياسي حقيقي. لذلك يهدف هذا البحث الى تقييم فعالية الكوتا النسوية في ايصال نساء الى قبة البرلمان يعملن في مصلحة النساء. حيث تفترض هذه الدراسة بان رغم النجاح العددي للكوتا النسائية في رفع نسبة تمثيل النساء في البرلمان العراقي الا ان هذا النظام لم يؤدي بالضرورة الى تمكين سياسي للمرأة او تغيير ملموس في السياسات العامة المتعلقة بقضايا النساء.
قسمت هذه الدراسة إلى فصلين تسبقهما مقدمة وتليهما خاتمة ثم قائمة. وقد تم استعراض مصادر البحث ومراجعه في الفصل الأول بعنوان المرأة في التشريع القديم وأثرها على وضع المرأة من خلال هذه التشريعات. أما الفصل الثاني بعنوان “المرأة في التشريع الإسلامي” فقد استعرض وضع المرأة من خلال التشريع الإسلامي، ممثلا بمصدريه الأساسيين، القرآن الكريم. والحديث النبوي الشريف والخاتمة لخصت نتائج البحث.
Virtual reality technology is the science of the embodiment of things and move spontaneously among non-real from one place to another with the full sense of the form, touch, sound, enables the user tried out and deal with it, like a real natural world and open up new worlds for human ambitious to let him overlooks the supposed world. Internet has become part of our daily lives, especially with the presence of mobile devices; that revolutionized the world of social networking. Access to information and build relationships change in the era of digital technology. The woman is not in isolation from this era; she found to herself a wide area for the production of ideas.
When we talk about woman in the modern means of communication, this a
The bourgeoisie groups derived great advantages from the system upon which the Fatimids built up their Regime out the land-tax and other taxes against a fixed sum . The surpulus revenue was the prophet of the farmers . A striking feature of the Fatimid was freedom of enterprise .All sectors of economic life were free-crafts , industry and trade . The government interfered in the trade in victuals only so far to in order to guarantee the supply of wheat to the big towns
The Egyptian Bourgeoisie enjoyed also the great prosperity which was produced among other reasons by the inflationary system of Fatimid economy .
The maintenance of gold dinar being almost pure and of full weight was only possible because Egypt steadily received cons
Receipt Date:10/11/2021 Acceptance Date:29/12/2021 Publication Date:31/12/2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The study aimed to clarify the conceptual explanations and the theoretical rooting of the concept of the populist phenomenon. And explore the political and cultural implications and connotations contained in populist political discourse. And to stand on the foundations and meanings on w
... Show Moreالحقوق والحريات السياسية " دراسة مقارنة بين المواثيق الدولية والشريعة الاسلامية"
In light of the increasing importance of interim financial statements they provided these lists of information that enables users of accounting information to make wise investment decisions and predict the company's activities in light of changes the updated rather than wait until the end of the year and accessing information provided by the annual financial statements. In light of this research has come to the most important set of conclusions the adoption of interim financial information has been audited by the external auditor to the availability of basic qualitative characteristics in the accounting information contained in the (appropriate and timely manner, reliability and comparability) and this in turn leads to the impact on reli
... Show MoreConstruction is the opening of the important pillars of the construction of the film as a whole for this, we find that the first of any narrative of my film begin at the borders of this construction is the window that we look through the contents tale and puzzle narrative is of significance that degrade traveler when reservoirs expression later in reasoning and find justifications ills that came by those initiation, this initiation may be the window that lead us to the core, understanding the story through signals received to the recipient to sail because of the paths of pickling what is which is encoded, but this initiation may serve as keys that understanding the be puppies and signals that beset and surrounded to what He holds inevita
... Show MoreThe research aims to determine what a photograph intends to convey as a visual text. Photographs are not captured randomly, especially those of politicians. Each photograph carries a message, even if interpretations of that message vary from person to person. The research adopts a methodology based on semiotic analysis, applying Laurent Gervero's model to analyze a photograph of the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi's visit to Fallujah on the anniversary of the victory over ISIS. The photographs in question constitute a visual language built upon a sequence of iconic symbols and signs. These elements coalesce to give rise to an image centered around a particular theme, one designed to convey a precise messag
... Show MoreThe research aims to form a clear theoretical philosophy and perceptions about strategic Entrepreneurship through the relationship between high Involvement management practices, the basis in creating that leadership and high-performance work systems as a support tool in achieving them according to the proposals (Hitt et al, 2011), in an attempt to generalize theoretical philosophy and put forward how to apply it within The Iraqi environment, and on this basis the problem of the current research was launched to bridge the knowledge gap between the previous proposals and the possibility of their application, aiming to identify the practices of high Involvement management and the possibility of high-performance work systems and thei
... Show MoreI came back and made my jewelery from the first research or studies known to man, and the oldest era and confirmed the problem of searching for the links of sweets and admiration of the magnificence of the effectiveness of the search for the importance of preserving the heritage of the Iraqi civilization in its original creative aspects. Metal in Iraq, Head Costume, Neck Costume, Party Costume (Hands and Legs). The main results of the research were;
1-Contemporary folk jewelry in Iraq was characterized by design units for use.
Dependence in the feed industry in the form of laboratory mold.