شهد عام 2003 جملة من التغييرات الايجابية فيما يخص الدور السياسي للمرأة في كل من العراق والاردن فقد أسهمت المتغيرات الدولية، ولا سيما انتشار مفاهيم الديمقراطية، وحقوق الإنسان، والتمكين السياسي للمرأة، في تعزيز حضور النساء داخل المؤسسات السياسية في البلدين، سواء عبر التمثيل البرلماني أو المشاركة في مواقع صنع القرار. في العراق مَثل عام 2003 نقطة تحول رئيسية وجاء بجملة من التغييرات الايجابية التي جعلت العراقيين متحمسين للمرحلة الجديدة ومن اهم المحاور والتي اشعلت التغيير الديمقراطي هو تضمين النساء بنسبة 25% في البرلمان العراقي. في المقابل شهدت الاردن اصلاحات واسعة لتقوية دور المرأة السياسي تمثلت في تعديل قوانين الانتخابات وتوسيع مقاعد الكوتا. لكن بعد 22 عاماً مورست فيها الكوتا هل اسهم هذا النظام في تحقيق تمثيل فعال وحقيقي للمرأة ام اقتصر على التمثيل الصوري او الشكلي دون ان يترجم الى تمكين سياسي حقيقي. لذلك يهدف هذا البحث الى تقييم فعالية الكوتا النسوية في ايصال نساء الى قبة البرلمان يعملن في مصلحة النساء. حيث تفترض هذه الدراسة بان رغم النجاح العددي للكوتا النسائية في رفع نسبة تمثيل النساء في البرلمان العراقي الا ان هذا النظام لم يؤدي بالضرورة الى تمكين سياسي للمرأة او تغيير ملموس في السياسات العامة المتعلقة بقضايا النساء.
The holy city of Najaf is a vital space that helps to bring people together within a particular context, thus strengthening intellectual communication, community participation and increasing opportunities to learn about different cultures
Many changes took place in a number of Arab countries, most of which ended with the change of the ruling leadership and a new coming. The same change brought about the hopes of the people to turn the page of the past into a democracy through which to overcome the grievances of previous years and achieve justice in all its aspects. The same new grievances have been added to that precedent and justice has not yet been achieved. Here we try to address the justice that is applied in the stages of change or transitional stages, which have been called, ie transitional justice, which has mechanisms and conditions of different application between countries, each of which the conditions applied in them and through a review of these mechanisms bet
... Show MoreThe accountants are preparing the financial statements under the Monetary Unit Stability Assumption without taking into consideration the changement of prices for the monetary unit. The income statement accounts containing different items of expenses and revenues. These items are not paid or obtained at one date, because the value of monetary unit is changing from one date to another , also the financial position contains different items of current and fixed assets, also contains different items of long-term liabilities and ownership rights, the continuity of applying historical cost principle will make the financial statements misleading, The adoption of financial analyst of these statements will affects
... Show MoreThe search aims to clarify pollution to negative effects on environment and to an increasing in the dangerous polluted materials that discharged out these factories. To make active procedures in order to limit the environmental pollution.
The search problem came from an assumption which has the researched factory is suffering from the lack of applying the international specification ( ISO 14004 ). The research problem assimilated by these questions:
- What is the level or organization in thinking of environmental system according to ISO 14004 .
- What are the requirements used in researched factor
This study attempts to test the interactive role played by organizational agility in enhancing the effect of organizational anomie on the behavior of planned human resources. The study of organizational anomie has increased because of the moral and legal pressures facing the organization by the external environment within its framework. To adapt to all external developments faced by these organizations, the behavior of human resources planned reflects the ability of individuals to control their behavior in different situations and situations that face them in the work.
The problem of the research indicates that there is a clear lack of understanding of what is meant by the variables studied in the sample
... Show MoreThe success of any media work in our contemporary life is based on proper planning. Television in Iraq is like any media outlet that adopts clear planning and programming in order to achieve the goals set in the news, entertainment, education. Iraq TV relies on four programming plans in one year (short term), but we often receive central instructions directly from the Minister of Information ordering to cancel the program plan and what was scheduled for broadcast to be finally replaced by alternative or emergency program associated with an incident, occasion or important news, these programs are all called (emergency programs).
In this present research we will be dealing with these programs as well as the extent of their impact o
... Show MoreProposals to raise awareness of the rights of minorities and secure their freedoms have begun to receive attention Internationally. It is escalated, especially after the increasing impact of wars and conflicts on these situations Minorities, and UNESCO stresses the need to take over information and communication policies Greater attention to protect minority rights.
Hence the importance of our research, the problem of which lies in the main question: (What is the role Radio Republic of Iraq has played in promoting awareness of minority rights at the level : Public and Social?) . As one of the Iraqi media networks , laws oblige them to pay attention to the rights of minorities and to spread a culture of pluralism , diversity
... Show MoreThe kaizen is considered as one of the most important modern techniques which has been adopted by various economics entities especially manufacturing firms and its beginnings return to the middle of the earlier century that has been used by companies like Toshiba, Matsushita Electric, and Toyota. Which realized that these modern techniques would make a total change in the competitive environment and started qualifying and its staff in such away that enables them to go along with this unique environment. The continuous improvement (Kaizen) depends on the small continuous improvements in the product and the production operations during the production stage. Consequently, the research problem is represented in the improperly of the budg
... Show MoreImportance of accounting standards belong to be the instructor and the advisor for accountant in performing his work . For each invironment a group of political, social, economical and cultural factors which distinguish it about other environments . In order to perform its aim in produsing accouting information helps in making decisions on different levels, accounting standards should established in a form that harmonized with the environment that apply in it . Establishing international accounting standards comes with the same direction and then it has put influential with standards some states that have influence on international accounting standards committee. So because of the big changes that happened in the inte
... Show MoreThe current study monitors the mechanisms of formation of the actor's performance expressive system (voice and motion) and the levels of their construction consistent with the aesthetic premise of the theatrical performance through incorporating what is natural, materialistic (physiological) and artistic and philosophical virtual (aesthetic ), through which the creative actor seeks not to repeat the image and substance of a thing according to its natural life image, in favor of new aesthetic reproduction governed by a group of significant relationships formed according to (artistic and philosophical) characteristics and features that distinguish the artistic accomplishment from its reality(its natural and functional reference). According
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