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Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq: expanding roles, and fostering research
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objective

This narrative review provides updated insights into pharmacy education, research, and professional practice in Iraq.

Methods

Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed literature via Google Scholar, government reports, and official records provided by the Syndicate of Iraqi Pharmacists between November and December 2025.

Key findings

Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq have grown significantly since 1936, with 71 programs now offered across public and private universities, where public institutions maintain competitive admission and private colleges provide broader access. The launch of the PharmD program in 2020 and curricular updates in 2025 aligned training with international standards, adding professional development, marketing, and hospital practice. National accreditation initiatives strengthened quality assurance, while postgraduate pathways, residency training, and the Clinical Pharmacy Board provide advanced specialization. Pharmacists serve in community pharmacies, hospitals, academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. By 2025, Iraq’s 15 Arab governorates registered 55 000 pharmacists (12 per 10 000 population), alongside 16 993 community pharmacies, 455 wholesalers, and 611 scientific bureaus. Workforce saturation has led to a government hiring freeze since 2024.

Conclusion

Despite rapid expansion, pharmacy sector faces workforce saturation and limited modernization of community services. Many pharmacists turn to pharmaceutical sales and marketing for better income, while hospital pharmacists support medication safety but remain restricted by systemic barriers. Academic pharmacists emphasize teaching, with research constrained by scarce resources. The pharmaceutical industry remains underdeveloped, requiring investment and reform. Overall, these trends reveal both progress and persistent challenges, highlighting the need for strategic planning to balance workforce supply, expand clinical roles, and strengthen industry capacity.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Diabetic Patients Knowledge and Practice Regarding Annual Visual Checking
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of visual impairment; many diabetics do not have regular eye examinations, although it is known that early diagnosis and reduces the risk of blindness. There were many barriers that prevent diabetics from attending eye clinics.

Objectives: To assess knowledge, and practice about ocular complications among diabetic patients and to determine barriers preventing the diabetic patients annual visual checking

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the interview was conducted among 300 diabetic patients attending out patient in Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Ophthalmology Hospital between November 2017 and June 2018.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
SURVEYS MEASUREMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE
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The majority of statisticians, if not most of them, are primarily concerned with the theoretical aspects of their field of work rather than their application to the practical aspects. Its importance as well as its direct impact on the development of various sciences. Although the theoretical aspect is the first and decisive basis in determining the degree of accuracy of any research work, we always emphasize the importance of the applied aspects that are clear to everyone, as well as its direct impact on the development of different sciences. The measurements of public opinion is one of the most important aspects of the application of statistics, which has taken today, a global resonance and has become a global language that everyone can

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
THE FALCONS (FALCONIFORMES, FALCONIDAE) VOUCHER COLLECTION IN THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM (INHM)
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A total of 45 voucher specimens of falcons which are deposited in the bird's collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum (INHM) were reviewed. Mummified falcons were preserved as voucher study specimens and tagged with museum collection labels. In the current study, morphometrics of six species of the genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758: Lanner falcon F. biarmicus Temminck, 1825; Sacker Falcon F. cherrug Gray, 1834; Lesser Kestrel F. naumanni Fleischer, 1818; Peregrine Falcon F. peregrines Tunstall, 1771; Eurasian Hobby F. subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 and Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 were documented. These species were recorded previously in the ornithological literatures by several authors and deposited in t

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
THE FALCONS (FALCONIFORMES, FALCONIDAE) VOUCHER COLLECTION IN THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM (INHM)
...Show More Authors

A total of 45 voucher specimens of falcons which are deposited in the bird's collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum (INHM) were reviewed. Mummified falcons were preserved as voucher study specimens and tagged with museum collection labels. In the current study, morphometrics of six species of the genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758: Lanner falcon F. biarmicus Temminck, 1825; Sacker Falcon F. cherrug Gray, 1834; Lesser Kestrel F. naumanni Fleischer, 1818; Peregrine Falcon F. peregrines Tunstall, 1771; Eurasian Hobby F. subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 and Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 were documented. These species were recorded previously in the ornithological literatures by several authors and deposited in t

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Scopus (2)
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THE FALCONS (FALCONIFORMES, FALCONIDAE) VOUCHER COLLECTION IN THE IRAQ NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH CENTER AND MUSEUM (INHM)
...Show More Authors

A total of 45 voucher specimens of falcons which are deposited in the bird's collection of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum (INHM) were reviewed. Mummified falcons were preserved as voucher study specimens and tagged with museum collection labels. In the current study, morphometrics of six species of the genus Falco Linnaeus, 1758: Lanner falcon F. biarmicus Temminck, 1825; Sacker Falcon F. cherrug Gray, 1834; Lesser Kestrel F. naumanni Fleischer, 1818; Peregrine Falcon F. peregrines Tunstall, 1771; Eurasian Hobby F. subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 and Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 were documented.
These species were recorded previously in the ornithological literatures by several authors and deposited in the

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Scopus (2)
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
دار الكتب والوثائق العراقيه
Introduction to Medical and Biological Statistics for Pharmacy Students and Medical Groups (Undergraduate &amp; Postgraduate) - ISBNiraq.org
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Introduction to Medical and Biological Statistics for Pharmacy Students and Medical Groups (Undergraduate & Postgraduate) - ISBNiraq.org

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 27 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Analytical study of the images and roles of women and men in the books of the Arabic language at the elementary level
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Importance of the research:
The importance of any educational or scientific research through its intellectual arena of facts supply the individual and society, Supports Knowledge and Science Group, which raised will be locked in these topics in the future.
This research seeks to shed light on the image and the role of women and men in the books of the Arabic language in primary education (primary), To illustrate the negative effects of the phenomenon of sexism in textbooks, And its negative impact on emerging, And stay away as much as possible about the distinction between the sexes in the roles and qualities in textbooks traditional stereotypes and remove that put both sexes templates hinder the development of the individual and t

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Higher education in Iraq : its process and features of development during the period of 1932 A.D – 1958 A.D
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In order to specify the features of higher education process and its quantitative and qualitative development in Iraq ; one should look back at its historical process and the need of interesting with it .

Accordingly , there will be a chance for verifying the demand of the Iraqi society according to the political , social , and cultural changes especially  during the national governance (1932 – 1958 ) .

For depicting the most important quantitative and qualitative development of this kind of education the period of 1932 -1958 , and since there is no previous study that tackled this topic , here comes the need of writing this paper .

After historical

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
نسق
"Flow Theory and Its Role in Education
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Teaching and Education manners in Islamic legacy
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Learning education in the Islamic legacy vision considers a completed The Islamic learning education took its bases from origins of Quran and honored prophet Suna , and stressed on education child a good education and providing him with principles of religion and semantic moral values and Messenger (peace on him) considers the higher example for man in his moral, behavior and goodness and witness on this Higher God said

(you had in God Messenger a good leadership for those were requesting God and last day and mentioned God a lot). Al- Ahzab Surah :21. learning education converts man from religion to another and from culture to another and teacher left his signs on the generation if he accept or refuse.

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