The study was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory, University of Baghdad during the period 2017-2019, as factorial experiment in complete randomized design, to study the effect of PEG at (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) on physiological and chemical changes in callus of three sunflower (Ishaqi 1, Aqmar and Al-haga) induced by the cultivation of the young stem in vitro under water stress. The content of callus cells of SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzymes as well as content of hydrogen peroxide were determined as indicators to determine the effect of PEG in callus tissue cells cultivated on medium equipped with the PEG concentrations. The results showed that cultivars were differs significantly and Al-hajavariety was superior in increasing SOD to 24.

The study was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory, University of Baghdad during the period 2017-2019, as factorial experiment in complete randomized design, to study the effect of PEG at (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) on physiological and chemical changes in callus of three sunflower (Ishaqi 1, Aqmar and Al-haga) induced by the cultivation of the young stem in vitro under water stress. The content of callus cells of SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzymes as well as total dissolved carbohydrate were determined as indicators to determine the effect of PEG in callus tissue cells cultivated on medium equipped with the PEG concentrations. The results showed that cultivars were differs significantly, and A-haja variety was superior in increasing SOD to 12

An experiment was conducted at the central lab of Graduate studies - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulator on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars (PAC-78001 and local) variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiments according to CRD. Seeds sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes, then, cultured on MS media free of growth regulators to embryo induced. The embryos were cultured on MS media at different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) mg Li^-1. Induced callus from embryos was cultured on MS media supplementing with Kin. at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg Li^-1 to determ

An experiment  was conducted at Central lab of Graduate studies, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The aim was to study the effect of colocynth fruit extract on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars were PAC-78001 and local variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiment within CRD. Seeds was soaked with colocynth fruit extract at 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ml Li^-1 for 24 hours, then, sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes. The results showed significant differences between two cultivars responding to colocynth fruit extract levels. Concentration at 150 ml Li^-1 gave the highest both fresh an