Background: Neonatal Thrombocytopenia (NT) is defined as a platelet count of <150,000/microL and is classified as: Mild (platelet count 100,000- 149,000/microL), moderate (50,000- 99,000/microL), and Severe (<50,000/microL).  It is classified according to the time of presentation as: Early NT (occurs within the first 72 hours of life) and Late NT (occurs after 72 hours).
Objectives: To study the clinical and laboratory profiles of neonatal thrombocytopenia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad.
Methods: This single-center case series observational study was conducted from 1^st May 2022 to 30^th April 2

Background: While endometriosis has a high prevalence among women during their reproductive years, appendiceal endometriosis is an uncommon clinical condition that affects women, and it is mostly presented as acute appendicitis, and or similar to several other gynecological disorders.
​Case Presentation: A thirty-four years old female presented with symptoms of a one-day of acute right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain as well as a chronic history of abdominal pain and chronic recurrent pelvic pain. The physical and clinical assessment referred for laboratory, the findings suggested acute appendicitis, then admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital for  Laparoscopic appendectomy, and the specimen was sent fo

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital malformation and may be classified according to the anatomical site of urethral meatus into distal, which accounts for about 70-80% of all hypospadias cases, and proximal, which is rare. There are multiple surgical options for the management of hypospadias. This study covers cases of distal hypospadias with two surgical options, which are urethral advancement and Glanuloplasty, and meatal advancement glanuloplasty.
Objectives: To compare the surgical outcomes and complications of urethral advancement and meatal advancement with glanuloplasty for the treatment of distal hypospadias.
Methods: Forty-three patients, 20 of

Background: In accordance with DSM-5-TR, Depression is a common psychiatric disorder marked by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and impairment in everyday activities. Recent evidence shows that between 22% and 45% of international student’s experience depressive symptoms. There is limited information on the prevalence of depression among international medical students at the International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of depression among international medical students at the International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and to examine related factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was con

Background: Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological condition that may cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on the nearby organs. Uterine artery embolization is a minimally invasive treatment that offers an alternative to myomectomy or hysterectomy. The procedure works by occluding the uterine arteries and reducing blood flow to the fibroids, which leads to ischemia and gradual shrinkage, thereby relieving the symptoms.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization in reducing the size of the uterine fibroids and alleviating the associated symptoms, and to compare treatment outcomes between International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics F

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of open-heart surgery, with a reported global incidence of 20-40%. Local Iraqi data on postoperative AKI incidence and predictors remain limited despite its designation as a 2025 Iraqi Ministry of Health perioperative research priority.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, severity, independent predictors, and short-term outcomes of AKI among adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery at a tertiary cardiac center in Iraq.

Methods: This single-center observational case-series analyzed 99 adults undergoing elective open-heart surgery at the Iraq Center for Heart Diseases, Baghdad, between January 2024 and D

الخلفيه:Stathmin1 المعروف أي ًضا باسم metablastin )هو بروتين رئيسي إلزالة البلمرة في األنابيب الدقيقة ، يشارك في تقدم دورة الخلية وحركة
الخلية. تم العثور على Stathmin1 في بعض أنواع السرطان ومرتبط بتمايز الخاليا وتكاثرها
Stathmin1 هو بروتين فسفوري خلوي رئيسي ينظم ديناميكيات األنابيب الدقيقة ويرتبط باألنماط الظاهرية الخبيثة في أنواع مختلفة من السرطان ، بما
في ذلك سرطان الرئة ذو الخاليا غير الصغيرة.
المواد واألساليب

  خلفيه الموضوع: اكثر اسباب اليرقان الانسدادي هو حصا القناه الصفراء,وهذا يمكن ان يولد مضاعفاه ووفياه مهمه.معالجه اليرقان الانسدادي  الناتج من حصاه ه قناه الصفراء في تطور,عده طرق تشخيصيه وعلاجيه ادخلت في هذا الموضوع وكل منها له فوائده ومضاره.

هدف الدراسه:لغرض دراسه وتقييم معالجه اليرقان الانسدادي الناتج عن حصاه القناه الصفراء في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي.

<p>Energy and memory limitations are considerable constraints of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limited energy supplied to network nodes causes WSNs to face crucial functional limitations. Therefore, the problem of limited energy resource on sensor nodes can only be addressed by using them efficiently. In this research work, an energy-balancing routing scheme for in-network data aggregation is presented. This scheme is referred to as Energy-aware and load-Balancing Routing scheme for Data Aggregation (hereinafter referred to as EBR-DA). The EBRDA aims to provide an energy efficient multiple-hop routing to the destination on the basis of the quality of the links between the source and destination. In

Background: Cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients is commonly followed by high morbidity and mortality, the incidence of hepatic cirrhosis has increased since last decade as well as the occurrence of complication such as liver failure, portal hypertension, and biliary disorders.
Patients and methods: laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (18 child A and 6 child B) in an effort to obtain lower complications and mortality rates. The mean age of the group was 51.8 years, ten of the 24 patients were men and 14 female.
Results: intraoperative complications such as bleeding, dense adhesion and long operative time were recorded.
Conclusion: laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was safe and

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. The genes of this region influence susceptibility to certain diseases.
Patients and methods: Immunofixation test is the method used to asses C4 polymorphism of 100 blood samples of 60 AIH patients and 40 healthy normal controls.
Results: An increased frequency of C4A*Q0 was observed for patients group versus control group with P-value (0.003).
Conclusions: This finding demonstrated that C4A*Q0 might play a role in AIH susceptibility.

Polyaniline films were successfully synthesized in this study using an oxidative polymerization method at temperatures ranging from 0 to 4 ° C. Polyaniline films were deposited using a single step of chemical oxidative polymerization rather than electrochemical polymerization. The polyaniline was examined using FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, and Four Point Probe. This result demonstrates that polyaniline synthesized using this method has a uniform morphology, small size (17 to 40) nm, high crystallinity, and high conductivity (9.42 s/cm).

The enrollment of students in the university represents a new stage in their life that differ from the previous educational stages that student has previously established. It should be noted that students with special needs at the University of Baghdad are not large numbers. It appears that these students have an excel role in their colleges most often, That is, the handicap was not a barrier to their scientific progress, but rather an incentive for them to excel. The most important conclusion reached by the researcher is that the University of Baghdad had no role in caring for people with special needs and caring for them financially, socially, psychologically, healthily and economically, they need to pay attention to them and take care

Background: Sacrococcygeal teratoma is seen in 1 in every 35000 live births, and is the most common tumor presenting in newborn and children but also reported in adults.(1)
Sacrococcygeal teratoma are the most common type of germ cell tumors (both benign and malignant) diagnosed in neonates , infants and children younger than 4 years.(2)
Case report: A 2 years old male child presented with a visible lump or mass under the skin at the top of the buttocks crease after falling on the ground on his buttocks, and the parents give a history that the child had a constipation since birth. The case was diagnosed as endodermal sinus tumor with yolk sac elements on the bases of clinical examination, ultrasonograp

Back ground: This study was conducted to estimate the relation ship of the incisive papilla to the antero posterior arrangement of the maxillary anterior teeth in a two different groups (Iraqi and Yemenian groups), because incisive papilla is considered as a reliable and relatively stable anatomic land mark.
Materials and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular stone casts were collected from 100 dental students, (50) of Iraqi dental students in Baghdad university and (50) of Yemenian dental students in Ibb university at the 3rd and 4th classes. Age ranged from 21-25 years. Alginate impression, dental stone, stock trays were used. Photographic technique was used to measure anatomic land marks located on de

If feminist philosophy in the context of feminist research focuses on how to produce an alternative knowledge and culture for women and forming anew awareness of their roles in the face of prevailing misconceptions then the topic of Islamic feminism is presented as a philosophical topic in the field of human knowledge to discuss how to produce an alternative knowledge of traditional knowledge prevailing in patriarchal societies to restore the balance of power and authority in the relationship between the sexes to create an effective feminist role in advocating for and defending womenś issues to achieve this Islamic feminism sought to establish an Islamic epistemology .

The main goal of this paper is to dualize the two concepts St-closed submodule and semi-extending module which were given by Ahmed and Abbas in 2015. These dualizations are called CSt-closed submodule and cosemi-extending mod- ule. Many important properties of these dualizations are investigated, as well as some others useful results which mentioned by those authors are dualized. Furthermore, the relationships of cosemi-extending and other related modules are considered.

Back ground: Although adult stem cells possess plasticity that permit differentiation along new lineages, production of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells and insulin-secreting beta-cells from adult non pancreatic stem cells has been considered controversial. We present that highly purified adult rat hepatic oval stem cells, which are capable of differentiation to hepatocytes and bile ducts epithelium, can also trans-differentiate into pancreatic exocrine-endocrine tissue, when homogenized hepatic tissue is implanted into subcutaneous tissue .
Methods and Materials: A total of 60 adult Swiss albino rats were divided into two groups . Group I , control group (30 animals) was injected with normal salin

بعض الملاحظات على القانون رقم 35 لسنة 2007 قانون العمل الصحفي في كوردستان

Background: clinically significant macular edema (CSME) is the commonest cause of visual loss in patients with diabetes mellitus and laser focal photocoagulation is the golden standard for treating it. Patients and Methods: A frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser was used to treat all eyes included in this study with diabetic maculopathy. Thirty eyes of three insulin dependent and twenty six non insulin dependent diabetic Iraqi patients were included. The study involved twenty six males, three females and followed for one year. Their ages were ranging between 36- 59 years, all of them from patients attending ophthalmic out-patient department in the medical city in the period between January 2005 and June 2006

Background:
Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty (BPV) is now the treatment of choice for pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) Patients and Methods. It is a retrospective
study involving 40 consecutive patients with moderate to severe PS underwent BPV in Ibn Albitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery from Sept. 2003 to Sept. 2004 ,
were medical records , Electrocardiograms ( ECG ) , Echo Doppler studies , and Catheterization data were reviewed carefully.
Results:
Mean pressure gradient across pulmonary valve (PV) was reduced from 112 +/- 46 mmHg before intervention to 49 It/- 34.7 after intervention.
Procedure failure occurred in one patient (2.5 %), four patients (10%) developed mild to moderate pul

الخلاصة:
لم يتم تقدير حدوث تخثر الأوردة العميقة ، الذي يعتبر احد مضاعفات عملية الاستبدال الكامل لمفصل الركبة في الدول الآسيوية مقارنة بالدول الغربية
حيث توجد دراسات قليلة حول ذلك. هناك علاقة ارتباط مهمة بين حدوث تخثر الأوردة العميقة في الاطراف السفلي واحتمال الإصابة بالانسداد الرئوي
لاحقًا. بما ان الفحص بالموجات فوق الصوتية غير جراحي ، أصبح إحدى الطرق الأولية التي يمكن الاعتماد عليها لفحص تخثر الأ

االخلفيه :تصلب الشرايين مرض جهازي غالبا ما  يؤثرعلى العديد من  التوزيعاتِ الوعائيةِ في المريض الواحد.ان الإنتشار المتزايد لتضيّقِ الشريانِ الكلويِ المصحوب مع امراض الشرايين التاجيِه يعتبر موثق بشكل جيد.

الهدف من البحث :للفحص بالتفصيل مدى إنتشار تضيّقِ الشريانِ الكلويِ في المرضى الذين تجرى لهم القسطره لاشتباه اصابتهم بمرض تصلب الشرايين التاجي

Background: Hypertension causes changes on the cardiac performance, and this effect is more
profound on the LV where systolic high pressure is present.
Patients and Methods: We studied 30 patients (14 females and 16 males of average age of
54.8±13.5) with hypertension and 20 normal individuals, the control group (age range 45.6±17.8, 11
females and 9 males). Measurements of early filling velocity E, late filling velocity A at atrial
contraction and ejection fraction were taken, also isovolumetric relaxation, and contraction times
and ejection times were taken. MPI myocardial performance index was calculated.
Results: Results shows a significant increase in the isovolumetric relaxation time IRT (30%),were
IRT for

In light of today's business world, who faces challenges and intense competition as a result of the rapid evolution of technical and informational, organizations had to respond to variables through the adoption of modern management techniques that reduce the effects of risks and activating the role of the internal control system in order to contribute to the early detection of risks and reduce the negative results expected .The research is to address the problem faced by organizations which still follow the traditional methods in the control activities, and the lack of knowledge of the management and their staff of the importance of the existence of risk management and internal control system takes into account these risks, and the limit

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a very common cause of multiple regional musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and disability; it is characterized by chronic widespread for at least
three months and tender points identified by the American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR).The cause of FMS is currently unknown. However, several hypotheses have been developed including genetic predisposition. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of serum lipid profile to the pathophysiology of FMS.
Patients & Methods: The study has included 160 patients with FMS with age range (18-72) years and 60 control individuals who were age and sex matching with FMS patients: 29 patients with chronic musculoskeletal compla

الخلاصة:

الخلفية : على الرغم من إدخال زيادة كبيرة من الفرق المتعددة التخصصات خلال الفترة السابقة للولادة ،فان نتيجة الحمل من النساء مع نوع 1 ،و نوع 2 داء السكري و السكري أثناء الحمل لا تزال أسوأ بكثير من عدد الولادات العامة. وفي العراق ، فإن الحجم الحقيقي لوفيات الرضع من الأمهات المصابات بالسكري (IDM) ليست معروفة جيدا لان النظام الصحي تآكل بشدة خلال فترة حرب الخليج والعقوبات.

Background: Study the correlation between the left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), ejection fraction (EF) and the development of arrhythmia.
Patients and methods: Two hundreds patients with documented acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infection with dysrhythmia documented by ECG and holter monitoring assessed at the cardiac department at Baghdad teaching hospital over the period Jan-Dec 2007. These dysrhythmias were corelated with left ventricular end diastolic volume and ejection fraction.
Results: The patients were divided into 4 groups according to LVEDD and EF. The 1st group, 40 patients (20%) found to have non sustained ventricular tachycardia was associated with higher LVEDD (62-72

ملخص البحث: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى الطفل المركزي التعليمي للفترة من ( كانون الثاني2007-كانون الثاني2009), تضمنت الدراسة اجراء طريقة سحب القولون عبر فتحة المخرج لثمانية مرضى يعانون من شلل القولون الولادي.

طريقة البحث: تضمنت هذه الدراسة ثمانية مرضى يعانون من شلل القولون الولادي تراوحت اعمارهم بين ( 1 شهر- 6 سنة) اجريت لهم عملية سحب القزلون عن طريق فتحة المخرج

The study aims to find out the effectiveness of using the Google classroom educational platform in teaching mathematics curricula from the viewpoint of teachers in the Governorate of Al Dhahirah, Sultanate of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. To collect the needed data, a questionnaire of two dimensions was used. It includes (13) items to measure the effectiveness of using the Google classroom in teaching mathematics curricula from the teacher's point of view and includes (10) items to measure the difficulties of using the Google classroom in teaching mathematics curricula from the teachers' point of view. These tools were applied to (32) male and (31) female as the study sample. They represent mathematics