تُدرس الأصوات اللغوية عبر فرعين هما: الفونانيك والفونولوجيا. وقد درس الباحثون فونيمات اللغة العربية وتلوناتها الصوتية، كالإمالة والتفخيم ضمن حقل الفوناتيك؛ لأنها تغييرات نطقية لا تغيّر معنى الكلمة في اللغة العربية. ويرى أكثر المستشرقين أنَّ التحولات التأريخية الصوتية (غير المشروطة) من الفوناتيك في حين عدّها مستشرقون آخرون ضمن حقل الفونولوجيا. وقد أولى المستشرقون عناية كبيرة بدراسة التغييرات ال

يعدّ الحِجاج مفهوما ثقافيا، يسير في أواصر منتظمة مع البيئة المحيطة المتكلم والسامع، وهذا ما دعا إلى تجديد المفهوم، وضبط التقنيات، وقد ضمّ هذا البحث تقنيات الحجاج البلاغي عند بيرلمان وتكتيكاه مفهوما وتطبيقا، على نصوص شعرية، محاولة لرصد الملامح الحجاجية فيها، ولا يخفى أنّ النص الشعري ذو طبيعة تأثيرية بامتياز، مما يسهم بشكل فاعل استيعاب تقنيات الحجاج البلاغي.

An apology is a formal and known acknowledgement that an individual uses when some individuals violate human rights, i.e., apologies emerge when human rights are violated for a reason or another.

The national apology can be defined as the type of apology that is political, collective, and intrastate which a group of people offer to another by using an appropriate representation. Though the term ‘age of apology’ first emerged two decades ago, the term ‘national apology’, even with age, has continued to be one that is specifically analytically elusive.

In contrast to interpersonal apologies that exist between individuals, a collective apology is constructed of and directed to definite communities. It is considered a

      In this work, the effect of laser energy on the properties of a calcium plasma generated by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength was studied using spectroscopy. The Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening method were used to measure the main plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density). The electron temperature ranged ( 0.169 -0.172 ) eV, the electron density ranged ( 2.10 – 2.63 ) for laser energy range of ( 400 – 700) mJ. Other basic plasma properties were also measured, including the Debye length, the number of particles in the Debye sphere, and the plasma frequency. Laser energy affects all plasma parameters, according to our results.

In this article, the adsorption of Cu(ll) ion from aqueous solution into polyacrylic acid
(PAA) hydrogel bead has been investigated using a batch method of different
temperature (10-30 °C) and different contact time (1-48 hr) to reach the equilibrium of
adsorption. Initial concentration and adsorption capacity of the adsorbents is presented,
the time required to reach a maximum capacity of bead was about 24hr. The temperature
effect on adsorption was studied and the experimental data have been analyzed using the
Langmuir and freundlich isotherm models. The adEsorption capacity at equilibrium was
found to be 142.68 mg/g; more than 95% of studied cation was removed by the
adsorbent. The process is very efficient es

يدور البحث حول السلطة السياسية والحكم عموماً في الفلسفة الفوضويّة.وأبرز الفوضويين باكونين، وبرودون، وكروبتكين وغيرهم.وهؤلاء ضحوا بكل شيء في حياتهم،من أجل الحصول على  الحرية.لأنهم يرون أنَّ كل سلطةٍ مهما كانت هي بمثابة كبت للحريّة وتتطلب مقاومتها.وكان أسلوبهم في ذلك هو العنف الثوري ضدّ رموز السلطات. وأيُّ سلطةٍ كانت وإن كان مصدرها الإنتخاب، فهي لا تخدم سوى مصلحة الأقليّة المستغلةِ على حساب مصالح الأغلبي

هدف البحث الحالي الى بناء اختبار للقدرات التقويمية وقياس مستوى هذه القدرات لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية والتعرف على الفروق في مستوى هذه القدرات وفقا لمتغير الجنس والتخصص وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (500) طالب وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثتان ببناء اختبار للقدرات التقويمية مكون من (90) فقرة وبعد تطبيق الاختبار على العينة ومعالجة البيانات احصائياً دلت النتائج على ان افراد العينة لد

The character table or the table of eigen values for the D_7h point group, which is not found in the literature was constructed. The constructed table is used to classify all modes of the vibrational frequencies of the IR and Raman spectra for any compound or molecule that has the D_7h symmetry in the Point Group. For that, it was used for classifying all the modes of vibrational frequencies of the [7] cyclacene (linear) monitoring molecule, possessing D_7h symmetry. The constructed table was used to classify the symmetry species for the total degrees of freedom, total degrees of transition, total degrees of rotation and for the total degrees of modes of vibration (3N-6) for this tube. The character table wa

لقد شهد العالم في السنوات الأخيرة ظهور أحداث ومتغيرات سريعة جعلت من التغيير أمرا مطلوبا في معظم دول العالم  وان هذه التغيرات ادت  إلى غياب الصوت الوطني الحقيقي عن الساحة؛ لذا هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تعرف مفهوم المواطنة في الفكر التربوي الإسلامي، حيث اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي في دراسته من خلال مسح لمفهوم المواطنة عبر الثقافات المختلفة بصورة عامة ، ومفهوم المواطنة في الفكر التربوي الإسلامي بشكل خاص، و

Iris detection is considered as challenging image processing task. In this study efficient method was suggested to detect iris and recognition it. This method depending on seed filling algorithm and circular area detection, where the color image converted to gray image, and then the gray image is converted to binary image. The seed filling is applied of the binary image and the position of detected object binary region (ROI) is localized in term of it is center coordinates are radii (i.e., the inner and out radius). To find the localization efficiency of suggested method has been used the coefficient of variation (CV) for radius iris for evaluation. The test results indicated that is suggested method is good for the iris detection.

PM3 and DFT (B3LYP) with a 6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of theoretical quantum mechanical calculations were employed to give investigation into the inhibition efficiency of the two new N-phenyl-ethylidene-5-bromo isatin derivatives which are N-phenyl-ethylidene-5-bromo-3[(imine aceto) urea]-2-oxo indole (NPEO) and N-phenyl-ethyeidine-5-bromo-3[(imine aceto) thiourea]-2-oxo indole (NPES). The calculated physical properties and quantum chemical parameters correlated to the inhibition efficiency all are studied and discussed at the equilibrium geometry in a vacuum, dimethyl sulfoxide and aqueous at their correct symmetry.

    رمى البحث الحالي إلى تعرف: ( تطور مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى الراشدين تبعاً لمتغيري: العمر (19، 21، 23) سنة، والجنس (ذكور ، إناث). وتعرف الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى الراشدين تبعاً لمتغيري: العمر (19 ، 21 ، 23) سنة . والجنس (ذكور ، إناث). وتكونت عينة البحث الحالي من240 طالباً وطالبة، بواقع (80) لكل عمر من الأعمار(19 ،21 ،23) سنة. وقد جمعت بيانات البحث عن طريق تطبيق اختبار التفكير الناقد ، وتح

     This paper develops the work of Mary Florence et.al. on centralizer of semiprime semirings and presents reverse centralizer of semirings with several propositions and lemmas. Also introduces the notion of dependent element and free actions on semirings with some results of free action of centralizer and reverse centralizer on semiprime semirings and some another mappings.

People who undertaken different X-ray examinations are already exposed to ionizing radiation which causes biological effects. Therefore assessing the patient radiation dose is a prerequisite element in optimizing the X-ray practice and to avoid the unnecessary radiation dose. The aim of this research is to assess the skin radiation dose for those patients who undertaking routine X-ray examinations in selected three hospitals in Al Najaf city.

     Three X-ray units were involved in this experimental study; these were belonging to three hospitals in Al Najaf city-Iraq, namely Al-Sadder teaching hospital, Al-Hakeem general hospital and Al-Zahraa hospital. Data of exposure parameters (tube potential (kVp), tube c

This paper presents an architecture for the data warehouse of outpatient healthcare (DWOP) as a data repository collects data from two different sources (Databases of outpatient healthcare and Excel files from hospitals) and provides storage, functionality and responsiveness to queries to meet decision makers requirements.
Successfully supporting managerial decision-making is critically dependent upon the availability of integrated, high quality information organized and presented in a timely and easily understood manner. “On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) is utilized for decision support to get interesting information” from the data warehouse with a rapid execution time. OLAP is considered one of Business Intelligence

كان يعرف سابقاً بسد الألفية وأحياناً يشار إليه باسم حداسه، هو سد تثاقلي تحت الانشاء على النيل الأزرق على بعد حوالي 40 كم شرق السودان في منطقة بني شنقول-گموز، إثيوپيا. بقدرة 6.000م.و، سيصبح السد أكبر محطة طاقة كهرومائية في أفريقيا عند اكتماله، وفي الترتيب 13 أو 14 في العالم، مع سد كراسنويارسك. ستبلغ سعة خزان السد 63 بليون متر مكعب ليصبح واحد من أكبر الخزانات في القارة الأفريقية.

الغرض الأساسي من انشاء السد هو تول

Language is the fundamental element of communication and understanding in society. It relates immediately to human thoughts and is embodied in written or spoken signs or signals. The field that scientifically studies language (its forms and structures) is called Linguistics. Among the linguistic studies of language is Rhetoric which studies the importance of speech or texts for the audience. Rhetoric is the art of persuasion; it comprises different arguments raised by the speaker/writer depending on social, religious, moral or even traditional evidence in order to prove that the raised arguments are real. In this way, the writer/speaker associates the language to similar or related realities in order to reach the purpos

More than 95% of the industrial controllers in use today are PID or modified PID controllers. However, the PID is manually tuning to be responsive so that the Process Variable is rapidly and steady moved to track the set point with minimize overshoot and stable output. The paper presents generic teal-time PID controller architecture. The developed architecture is based on the adaption of each of the three controller parameters (PID) to be self- learning using individual least mean square algorithm (LMS). The adaptive PID is verified and compared with the classical PID. The rapid realization of the adaptive PID architecture allows the readily fabrication into a hardware version either ASIC or reconfigurable.

Localization is an essential issue in pervasive computing application. FM performs worse in some indoor environment when its structure is same to some extent the outdoor environment like shopping mall. Furthermore, FM signal are less varied over time, low power consumption and less effected by human and small object presence when it compared to Wi-Fi. Consequently, this paper focuses on FM radio signal technique and its characteristics that make it suitable to be used for indoor localization, its benefits, areas of applications and limitations.

The orientation allows the individual to develop the capacity to become aware of his personal characteristics and to develop them in order to choose his studies, his training and his professional activities, in all the conjunctures of his existence, with the joint concern for the collective future of solidarity and the fulfillment of one's personality and responsibility». (Danvers, 1992,p. 190). This advice states that: orientation is a process closely associated with education and formation. It becomes effective if the steps include broad information on education and trades, and focuses on the social development and moral construction of the individual. The objective of this survey is to show the influence of the orientation of the p

نفذت تجربة حقلية في محطة أبحاث أبي غريب التابعة للهيئة العامة للبحوث الز ا رعية خلال الموسم
الربيعي 2001 بهدف د ا رسة تأثير مواعيد الز ا رعة في مدد م ا رحل نمو لت ا ركيب و ا رثية من زهرة الشمس ، استخدم
14 ،2/ 1 و 4 / بثلاثة مكر ا رت ، احتلت فيه مواعيد الز ا رعة ( 16 RCBD ترتيب الألواح المنشقة بتصميم
( Euroflor و Pan و 7392 Manon ) 3) الألواح الرئيسية واحتلت الت ا ركيب الو ا رثية / 15 ، 2/ 26 ،2/
1 ( الموعد الأول ) إلى تسارع النبات نحو ال

The current study was designed to assess the immune potency of whole cell killed antigen of Pasteurella multocida prepared from 1ocal strains isolated from satisfactory cases (infected lung from sheep and goat), as it is necessary to know the local species deployed for use in the preparation of an effective vaccine, rather than vaccines prepared from standard isolates . The aim of this study is evaluate the immune potency of prepared antigen through its injection intraperitoneally in mice (0.5ml/moues) for two doses, protection being judged by the ability of immunized mice to survive challenge infection with virulent homologous microorganisms. Protective activity was achieved 65%, while the control group lost all animals.

يتطرق هذا البحث للسيرة التاريخية لمسالة تخمين معلمتي أنموذج العلاقة الدالية الخطية البسيطة التي تعود
إلى عهد ليس بالقريب فهي تمتد إلى ق ا ربة قرن وربع القرن من الزمن. إذ يتناول أهم من عمل على هذه
المسالة والط ا رئق التي استحوذت على حلها والمخمنات التي تولدت منها وذلك وفق ضوابط متنوعة حول
توزعات المتغي ا رت العشوائية التي يضمها الأنموذج. كما ويتضمن العديد من المخمنات الحصينة المقترحة عند
توفر مشاهد

The effects of "Co source of gamma - irradiation (0.1-1140) kGy on the dyeability, wash fastness and staining of Iraqi cotton fabrics were investigated for the first time, according to our knowledge, in an attempt to improve some characteristics of these fabrics that are used in the General Establishment for Cotton Industries. Color measurement was successfully applied as a tool in a study of the change versus dose, of dye uptake and wash fastness of cotton fabrics. At low doses it was found that the dye uptake initially decreased then increased with increasing dose, after that it increased steadily then rapidly with increasing dose. Staining and wash fastness of cotton fabrics dyed pre or post irradiation were also examined. A computer

     Inflammation markers are significantly higher among hemodialysis (HD) patients, which have been associated with chronic activation of the immune system. Hemodialysis centers in Baghdad appear to be taking measures with low adequacy and frequency of dialysis sessions, which can be a reason for decreased kidney functions. Therefore, the objective of this study focuses on the assessment of different aspects of hemodialysis for regular HD patients in Baghdad, including inflammatory markers (serum C-reactive protein, CRP, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR), dialysis dose, comorbidities, and demographic factors for a period of one year (2018), the assessment covered four major hospitals in Baghdad namely (Al-Kind

       Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) isolated from honeybee’s nectar stomach represent an important source of antimicrobial substances that has been focused on nowadays. In this study, these FLABs were tested for their antibacterial activity in vivo as well as the detection of Interleukine -17 in the serum of rabbits ingested with FLAB isolates. Fructobacillus fructosus FH1, Fructobacillus fructosus FH8 and Lactobacillus kunkeei SHGH-7 FLAB isolates were used against wound infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in rabbit skin . Enzyme linked sorbent immunoassay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of Interleukine-17 in the sera of rabb

     Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology is used to determine the extent to which this technique can detect with a high-frequency range from 10 MHz to 1000 MHz into the ground by a transmitting antenna and A graveyard was found beneath the depth of the three meters under Surface of the earth in the shrine of the Prophet Houd and Saleh in Al-Najaf Governorate surveyed by through 4 tracks. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a device that transmits short pulses of electromagnetic energy with pulse duration about 1 ns to 20 ns. applying the filter Time- Zero to the same profile at a depth (3m) , Two types of antennas were used in this study, with two different frequencies antennas (250, 500 )MHz Three tracks (23,25,2

To increase the sensitivity of dosimeter, it has to improve the properties that are required to increase its sensitivity. It was proven that the dependence of lyoluminscence (LL) of irradiated amino acid (L-prolin) incorporated with chemiluminscence reagent (luciginine) on the pH and temperature of the solution. LL means the emission of light from dissolved material in a suitable solvent, which is previously exposed to ionizing radiation. When the incorporated phosphor irradiated to gamma rays an electronically excited species are trapped within the solid matrix, this extra energy will be emitted in the form of light (  420-500nm), on dissolving the material in water in this test. The LL intensity increases with increasing pH of the

     This work presents an approach for the applying Triple DES (TRIPLE DES) based on using genetic algorithm by adding intelligent feature for TRIPLE DES with N round for genetic algorithm. Encapsulated cipher file with special program which send an acknowledgment to a sender to know who decipher or  broken to  crash it , Thus it is considered as the initial step to improve privacy. The outcome for proposed system gives a good indication that it is a promising system compared with other type of cipher system.

The main targets for using the edge detection techniques in image processing are to reduce the number of features and find the edge of image based-contents. In this paper, comparisons have been demonstrated between classical methods (Canny, Sobel, Roberts, and Prewitt) and Fuzzy Logic Technique to detect the edges of different samples of image's contents and patterns. These methods are tested to detect edges of images that are corrupted with different types of noise such as (Gaussian, and Salt and pepper). The performance indices are mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio (MSE and PSNR). Finally, experimental results show that the proposed Fuzzy rules and membership function provide better results for both noisy and noise-free