لا غنى عن نظرية الرسم البياني الكيميائي لنمذجة الجزيئات، لا سيما في الألكانات، وهي فئة من الهيدروكربونات ذات الصيغة C_n H_(2n+2). تظهر أيزومرات الألكانات تنوعًا هيكليًا على الرغم من مشاركتها في نفس الصيغة الكيميائية، مما يؤدي إلى خصائص طيفية مميزة. تعتبر واصفات الرسوم البيانية محورية في كيمياء الكم، حيث توفر الأدوات الأساسية للتحليل. تلعب المعلمات الطيفية، بما في ذلك نصف القطر الطيفي، وثاني أكبر القيم الذاتية،

هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى البحث عن امكانية انتاج مركب الثايوفلافين T  وتأثير تراكيز كلوريد الصوديوم NaCl  واختلاف اطوار النمو على معدل النمو وزمن التضاعف والبرولين لطحلب (C. saipanensis N.Hanagata (Scenedsmacese, Shaerophleales. تم تنمية الطحلب في وسط Bg 11 ضمن ست تراكيز مختلفة من NaCl خلال مراحل النمو المختلفة, وقد كشفت النتائج عن وجود مركب الثايوفلافين T في الطحالب, واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية, ان جميع تراكيز NaCl ذاتا تأثير تثبيطي على

ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد هو أكثر أنواع امراض الدم الخبيثة شيوعًا عند البالغين. يعد انتشار الخلايا الطافرة الغير مسيطر عليها للأسلاف النخاعية الغير متمايزة سمة مميزة لهذا المرض. يمكن إصلاح تلف الحمض النووي عن طريق مجموعة متنوعة من الأنظمة  الأنزيمية الموجودة في الخلايا حقيقية النواة. تتشكل الخلايا الطافرة عندما لا يمكن إصلاح تلف الحمض النووي بواسطة آليات إصلاح الخلية. إحدى آليات إصلاح الحمض النووي هي مسار

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease on the rise in different regions of Iraq, especially in areas with poor hygiene and among refugee populations. The effectiveness of existing chemotherapy for leishmaniasis is constrained by its high toxicity, cost, and the development of drug resistance. The current research examined various concentrations (ranging from 125 to 1000 μM) of lupeol to evaluate its ability to boost the generation of nitric oxide, which has anti-leishmanial properties, in an ex-vivo macrophage model. Griess assay was used to detect the nitric oxide (NO) production in Leishmania donovani infected U937 cell-line macrophages along 24 and 48 hours post treated. The nitric oxide conc

     The Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oilfield is a prolific carbonate reservoir with significant hydrocarbon production. However, the role of natural fractures in enhancing reservoir characteristics remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize and identify naturally occurring fractures within the Mishrif Formation using a multi-methodological approach integrating core and thin section analysis, borehole image logs, and conventional well logs. Results indicate different types of natural fractures, such as open, filled, vuggy, and propped fractures. The open type dominates the field; thus, the potential for oil production from this formation is high. Fracture orientation analysis revealed that the N-W and S-E directi

Dermatophytes are the primary etiological agents responsible for superficial fungal infections worldwide. The current study, undertaken in Baghdad, Iraq, aimed to diagnose dermatophyte species by targeting the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region and employing phylogenetic analysis techniques. A total of 104 specimens from hair, nails, and skin scrapings of patients were examined microscopically and cultured on a specific medium SDA with addition of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. PCR with ITS1 and ITS4 primers was employed for further characterization of dermatophytes. According to results, tinea corporis was the predominant infection (51.9%), and tinea cruris (18.2%). Molecular results revealed that T. indotineae (24%)

This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children residing in Kirkuk, Iraq. DNA was extracted from 64 stool samples that had tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts via microscopic examination. The extracted DNA was then analyzed using 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of parasite in rural community (65.6%) compared to urban community (14.17%). Whereas, non-significant differences were observed in the rate of  infectivity in male (50%) as compared to (29.7%) in female. The results also revealed significant differences between infectivity rate and age groups (P=0.004). In contrast, the use of the PCR sy

     Along the Tigris River is the study area between Baghdad and Kut cities using ten water samples, the current study assesses the pollution caused by heavy metals in water (two samples from drainage water and Eight samples from surface water the water collected from the shore by skimming the surface) on the 4th of November 2023. The heavy element analysis of the study area's water samples revealed that the water had been polluted with high concentrations of these elements (Pb and Cd). The amounts of heavy metals increased as the river flowed southward. This is related to the reduction in the water level of the Tigris River and the frequent discharge of various pollutants, which have led to an increase in pollution. Organic, and th

Stumpff functions are an infinite series that depends on the value of z. This value results from multiplying the reciprocal semi-major axis with a universal anomaly. The purpose from those functions is to calculate the variation of the universal parameter (variable) using Kepler's equation for different orbits. In this paper, each range for the reciprocal of the semi-major axis, universal anomaly, and z is calculated in order to study the behavior of Stumpff functions C(z) and S(z). The results showed that when z grew, Stumpff functions for hyperbola, parabola, and elliptical orbits were also growing. They intersected and had a tendency towards zero for both hyperbola and parabola orbits, but for elliptical orbits, Stumpff functions exhi

This study was carried out to study the ability of producing bioethanol from latus leaves as an organic waste rich with cellulose. The study results show that the pre-treatments (alkali and acidic pre-treatments) increase the amount of the sugar released in the media that is accessible for the bacteria to use in the fermentation. The newly recorded bacteria Klebsiella oxytoca (SAR) was able to ferment the latus leaves and produce bioethanol. The amount of ethanol produced by the bacteria was increased as the experiment period increased, until the seventh day when it began to decrease. In order to increase the purity of the acquired bioethanol, the resulted ethanol was distilled to reduce the water content in the solution, while

This study introduces a series of novel cyclic imides, which incorporate two biologically significant components - the thiazole ring and sulfonamide. These target imides were developed using a method of multistep synthesis. The chosen starting material was the compound sulfamethoxazole, which is known to contain a biologically active sulfonamide. In the first step, sulfamethoxazole was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride, yielding compound [1] (4-N-(2-chloro acetamido) sulfamethoxazole) followed by reaction of compound [1] with thiourea provided a cure [2]. (4-(sulfamethoxazole-].4-y1)-2-aminothiazole) was obtained. Compound [2] played a major role and was successfully included in the third stage of the reaction with various cyclic anhydr

     The majority of the roads in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) are mountainous, with steep ascending and descending slopes and acute curves. Therefore, the road cuts on both sides of the roads usually suffer from slope stability problems exhibiting different types of slope failures. One of the easiest methods to assess the stability of road cuts is the Bejerman Method. It is a field method based on 10 different attributes, which can be measured and/ or estimated directly in the field. The studied area is located in the High Folded Zone, which is a part of the Unstable Shelf and occupies the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate, and is characterized by different types of mass movements; like landslides and toppling, as well as

The purpose of this research is to examine the variation in star formation rate for two types of active galaxy models. It also aims to study the relationship between supermassive black holes (SMBH) and the star formation rate (SFR) for 29 samples of active galaxies. These objects have been classified into two types: 19 samples of the Quasar and 10 samples of the Seyferts. These galaxies have been selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), at different time intervals, and they have been monitored twice or more times during a period of approximately 10 years. The results in this article show that the value of the standard deviation star formation rate variability with respect to SMBH in QSO is higher than the standard deviation sta

Fifty blood samples were collected from minibus drivers aged 18-50 years a minimum driving experience of 2 years. The control group involved fifty age matched men who lived in other areas in Baghdad. The results illustrated that the level of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione enzymes were significantly decreased in the drivers group (9.87 ±0.32 µg/ml and 17.73 ±0.41 mg/ml respectively) as compared to the control group (38.00 ±1.78 µg/ml and64.92 ±2.04 mg/ml respectively). The level of catalase enzyme showed a highly significant increase in the drivers group (327.76 ±11.77 µg/ml) as compared to the control group (93.98 ±2.67 µg/ml). The results also showed a highly significant increase in the level of serum tumor n

Tracing is an essential process in geomatics (i.e., surveying) for different applications. It involves determining the positions of points from different measurements utilizing suitable techniques. Since the smartphone is a modern technology that can determine positions, assessing their results in traversing is necessary. For this purpose, the positions of 16 points in a closed traverse were collected with six different sets of measurements (five sets with smartphone devices and a standard set with traditional techniques). The smartphone devices are dual-frequency Samsung S22, and the other four are single-frequency, consisting of the iPhone 11, Xiaomi Note 8, the iPhone XS max, and the iPhone XS with Android application. The derived dis

Early diagnosis of liver disease is extremely challenging because it lacks recognizable symptoms. When liver disorders are identified early, patients can start treatment before it’s too late, perhaps saving their lives. It is imperative to propose a preprogramming diagnosis model to avoid misdiagnoses or delayed diagnoses. This article aims to give a comparative analysis of probabilistic and ensemble learning, both of which have demonstrated efficacy in resolving real-world problems. There are four methods used in total: two probabilistic and two ensemble learning. A substantial liver dataset is employed, containing the records of 30691 individuals, 21917 of whom have liver disease and 8774 of whom do not. First, enough features are di

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes have gained particular interest as a material for gas sensors because of their vertical arrays, prepared by the anodization procedure. The presence of several oxygen vacancies in these nanotubes facilitates gas diffusion and provides additional active sites. This study examined the impact of voltages on the process of depositing iron nanoparticles onto arrays of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) for use as a gas sensor. The TNTs are manufactured using a straightforward and economical electrochemical anodization technique, specifically for gas sensor applications. By varying the deposition voltage (2-6 volts), ordered Fe-TNTs were efficiently manufactured using a simple two-step electrochemical

     Dissolving cavities in a water-holding rock (karst aquifer) are tied to how water is stored and released. However, cavity development by allogenic water is rarely studied. This research was intended to analyze the dynamic development of dissolution cavities in tropical karst areas influenced by allogenic recharge, using Beton Spring as an example. These dynamics were determined from water corrosiveness or aggressiveness based on the calcium carbonate saturation index, dissolution rate, and cavity development rate according to wall retreats. We found that water becomes more corrosive at the start of the rainy season due to the piston effect. The dissolution rate in the Karst Drainage Basin of Beton (Beton KDB) was estimated at 33

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most highly prevalent type of skin cancer in the world, where BCC incidence has increased significantly in the last few years. There were many components of the immune system that were reported to play a remarkable role in BCC appearance and development. Among them, three specific clusters of differentiation (CD) biomarkers (CD25, CD68 and CD10, also termed as MME) were studied as prognostic markers with increased levels in the sera of immune-related cancers. The current investigation aimed to evaluate the levels of these biomarkers in the sera of 33 patients who have BCC  compared with 55 healthy individuals (control). The results demonstrated significantly increased levels of CD25, CD68 and CD10/MME i

In this work, new conductive polymer (4900 µs.cm-1) poly 6-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (PSCC) was prepared on a Low Carbon Steel (L.C.S) surface by an electrochemical polymerization process for its monomer 6-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid (SCC) to study  the effect of this polymer against corrosion of the L.C.S  in salt environment (3.5% wt NaCl) at four temperatures; 25, 35, 45, and 55 ^oC. Two types of nanometal oxides, ZrO₂ and ZnO, were applied as additives to the polymer (PSCC) to enhance the ability of this polymer on corrosion protection L.C.S alloy. Potentiostatic polarization tests evaluated the corrosion performance of the coatings. Atomi

This study involves the synthesis of eight α,β-unsaturated ester compounds, obtained from 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles 3-10 by a two-step reaction. The first step included S-allylation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (1) with allyl bromide to furnish 2-(allylthio)benzo[d]oxazole (2) in a good yield (71%). The second step involved a cross-metathesis reaction of compound 2 with acrylate esters, which afforded the title products 3-10 in yields between 70 and 86%. The structure of the prepared compounds (2-10) was confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.

Coronavirus is an RNA (Ribonucleic acid) virus in the coronaviridian family that causes zoonotic and infectious diseases transmitted between animals and evolved between humans. This class of pathogens is responsible for respiratory diseases. Coronavirus refers to the crown-like protrusions on the outside surface of the virus. Corona is an infection that causes breathing difficulties in humans. In epidemics, symptomatic techniques based on graphic design are essential for examining the causes of influence, which leads to better results than primary radioscopy mechanisms for identifying and diagnosing COVID-19 cases. The urgent need to employ artificial intelligence in disease detection arose from this standpoint. In this paper, a system i

Assume that R is any ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. This work introduces the Rad_J-Supplemented module with respect to the fully invariant submodule it is denoted by (FI-Rad_J-Supplemented) and ⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules with respect to the fully invariant submodule (denoted by FI-⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules). As well as the main features of these modules in this work, and various properties of these modules. Also, we defined weakly FI-Rad_J-Supplemented modules as an extension of  the FI-Rad_J-supplemented modules and we explain the relationship between them using notes and examples.

Recently, advancements in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for enhancing healthcare outcomes by leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterial. Scientists have previously developed complexes of bacteriocins with nanomaterials or bacteriocin-nanoconjugates for diverse biomedical applications that utilize bacteriocins. The usage of bacteriocin–nanoconjugates has several benefits, including enhanced stability over extended use, defense against proteolytic enzyme degradation, and synergistic efficacy. The requirement to provide new antibiotic alternatives is becoming more pressing in this regard. Because of their special qualities, metal oxide nanomaterials are currently attracting a lot of attention as possible antimicrobial an

High-resolution imaging of celestial bodies, especially the sun, is essential for understanding dynamic phenomena and surface details. However, the Earth's atmospheric turbulence distorts the incoming light wavefront, which poses a challenge for accurate solar imaging. Solar granulation, the formation of granules and intergranular lanes on the sun's surface, is important for studying solar activity. This paper investigates the impact of atmospheric turbulence-induced wavefront distortions on solar granule imaging and evaluates, both visually and statistically, the effectiveness of Zonal Adaptive Optics (AO) systems in correcting these distortions. Utilizing cellular automata for granulation modelling and Zonal AO correction methods, the

The research study focuses on the efficient and accurate detection and determination of cobalt ions. The detection method involves the formation of brilliant green aggregates with calcium hexacyanoferrate in the presence of nitric acid. (Nagham-four sources of white snow light-emitting diodes arranged in three rows corresponding to three detectors) (The NAG-4SX3-3D Analyzer is an optical, chemical, electronic, and detection tool that receives a cumulative signal (no amplification is required). The total distance travelled is 760 mm with regard to YZ(mV) - tsec (dmm). It was selected for its precise calculation of the energy transducer profile. The linear range for measuring cobalt (II) ions is 0.05 to 20 mM. For concentrations of 5 and 1

The normal expression of follicle-producing genes, hormone balance, and reproductive physiology all have a significant impact on female fertility. Infertile Iraqi women were compared to controls who appeared to be in good health in order to assess the gene expression of the GDF9B gene. The second goal is to quantify the gene expression of a particular miRNA, such as miRNA 378-5p, that specifically targets the GDF9B gene. In addition to 50 samples from female patients, the study also used 50 samples from the control group. The ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of the hormones FSH, LH, AMH, and prolactin. Also, real-time qPCR was used to measure the gene expression of the GDF9B gene and the

Foodborne diseases are increasingly reported to be caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the incidence of this bacterium in locally produced soft white cheese. A total of 36 samples were collected from local markets in different places of Baghdad city. The process of bacterial isolation was performed by culturing onto different media, such as MacConkey Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC). The identification of bacteria was achieved by biochemical tests and confirmed by a molecular technique. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) was used through the detection of rfb O157 and flic H7 genes. Some genes of virulenc

     This study aims to determine the quality of the Groundwater in Budgam Tehsil by using physicochemical parameters. To achieve this objective, groundwater samples were collected from 15 different locations within the study area using a random sampling method from tube wells. The study area was analyzed for various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, iron, chloride, nitrate, and fluoride concentration. Groundwater suitability was examined by using WHO, BIS, and ICMR standards, which indicates that the quality of groundwater was suitable for drinking purposes. According to this stu

The influence of fear on the dynamics of harvested prey-predator model with intra-specific competition is suggested and studied, where the fear effect from the predation causes decreases of growth rate of prey.  We suppose that the predator attacks the prey under the Holling type IV functional response. he existence of the solution is investigated and the bounded-ness of the solution is studied too. In addition, the dynamical behavior of the system is established locally and globally. Furthermore, the persistence conditions are investigated. Finally, numerical analysis of the system is carried out.