Conformal projection is one of the most important aspects that geodesy dealing with. The
determination of the scale factors in the meridian, the parallel and projected geodesic directions are the
final result of the conformal projection. Methods for determining the scale factors in the meridian and
the parallel directions have a quite sufficient accuracy. While methods for determining the projected
geodesic have different accuracy and computation complicity.
This research adopts a modified method for computing the exact value of scale factor in
geodesic direction. In this method the scale factor is obtained by determining the true and projected
distances of the geodetic line. In the traditional methods for determinin

In this paper possible improvements in the performance of adaptive Linear Equalizer (LE) and Decision Feed Back Equalizer (DFE) are reported. A modified Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm incorporating a recursively adjusted adaptation step size based on rough estimate of the performance surface gradient square is proposed. The first
proposed algorithm was called Adjusted Step Size LMS (ASSLMS) which used single adjusted step size for all weight coefficients. The second proposed algorithm was called Distributed Step Size LMS algorithm (DSSLMS). This algorithm (i.e. DSSLMS) will distribute the resultant variable step size in an exponential form among all weights of the
adaptive filter such that each weight coefficient has its own

In this paper an attempt to provide a single degree of freedom lumped model for fluid structure interaction (FSI) dynamical analysis will be presented. The model can be used to clarify some important concept in the FSI dynamics such as the added mass, added stiffness, added damping, wave coupling ,influence mass coefficient and critical fluid depth . The numerical results of the model show that the natural frequency decrease with the increasing of many parameters related to the structure and the fluid .It is found that the interaction phenomena can become weak or strong depending on the depth of the containing fluid .The damped and un damped free response are plotted in time domain and phase plane for different model parameters It is fou

The current research aimed to identify:

1. Social perception among university students.
2. Differences in social Perception according to the variables:

Gander` (male, female) b- theme (scientific, humanitarian(

3. Moral judgments among university students.
4. Differences in moral judgments according to two variables:

A-type (male, female) b- theme (scientific, humanitarian)

5. Emotional tranquility among university students.
6. Differences in emotional tranquility according to two variables:

      A-type (male, female) b- theme (scientific, humanitarian)

7. Contributio

Non uniform channelization is a crucial task in cognitive radio receivers for obtaining separate channels from the digitized wideband input signal at different intervals of time. The two main requirements in the channelizer are reconfigurability and low complexity. In this paper, a reconfigurable architecture based on a combination of Improved Coefficient Decimation Method (ICDM) and Coefficient Interpolation Method (CIM) is proposed. The proposed Hybrid Coefficient Decimation-Interpolation Method (HCDIM) based filter bank (FB) is able to realize the same number of channels realized using (ICDM) but with a maximum decimation factor divided by the interpolation factor (L), which leads to less deterioration in stop band at

An experimental study was conducted on pressure drop of water flow through vertical cylindrical packed beds in turbulent region and the influence of the operating parameters on its behavior. The bed packing was made of spherical and non-spherical particles (spheres, Rasching rings and intalox saddle) with aspect ratio range 3.46  D/dp  8.486 obtaining bed porosities 0.396 0.84 and Reynolds number 1217  21758. The system is consisted of 5 cm inside diameter Perspex column, 50 cm long; distilled water was pumped through the bed with flow rate 875, 1000, 1125, 1250,1375 and 1500 l/h and inlet water temperature 20, 30, 40 and 50 ˚C. The packed bed system was monitored by using LabVIEW program, were the result

     A total of 40 imported cream, butter, cheese and yoghurt samples were collected randomly at weekly intervals (1samples/ product/ week) from various supermarkets inside the Baghdad province during the summer period. A total of 84 samples of locally produced cream, Butter, soft cheese and yoghurt that belonged to buffaloes, cows and ewes were collected randomly at weekly intervals (1 sample/ product/ week) from three different townships (Al-mahmudiyah, Al-Rasheed and Al-latifiyah) and were examined on two periods, the first was the period that extended from the beginning of September to the end of November 2015 while the second was the period that extended from the beginning of January to the end of march 2016. Bes

اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مركز النهرين للتقانات الاحيائية /جامعة النهرين لدراسة تاثير المياه المعالجة مغناطيسيا في ) لعدة اختبارات لدراسة تأثير الماء 52 – 51( فار ابيض 051 الاداء الانتاجي والفسلجي والكيموحيوي في الفئران حيث اخضعت المعالج مغناطيسيا في مظاهر النمو للفئران وتاثير ذلك في تركيز خضاب الدم ( والنسبة المئوية لحجم خلايا الدم المرصوصة (Hb ALT وبعض الصفات الكيموحيوية(البروتين الكلي والكلوكوز) وبعض انزي

The present work deals with an experimental investigation of the effect of surfacing parameters on the final quality of large gear surfacing. This gear forms a vital part of the drive train of cement furnace at the Iraqi Cement Company. The gear is made of DIN CK 45 steel with an analyzed carbon content of 0.429% and core hardness 185 HV. The gear is considered large, with dimensions of 490 mm in diameter, 250-mm width and 27 mm module, its weight is 350 Kg. The aim of the present work is to study the possibility of repairing this type of gear using SMAW process. The gear surface is cleaned by sand blasting, followed by dye penetrate testing for crack detections. DIN E1-UM350 hardfacing electrode is selected to hardface the gear. This el

The effect of considering the third dimension in mass concrete members on its cracking
behavior is investigated in this study. The investigation includes thermal and structural analyses of mass concrete structures. From thermal analysis, the actual temperature distribution throughout the mass concrete body was obtained due to the generation of heat as a result of cement hydration in addition to the ambient circumstances. This was performed via solving the differential equations of heat conduction and convection using the finite element method.
The finite element method was also implemented in the structural analysis adopting the
concept of initial strain problem. Drying shrinkage volume changes were calculated using the

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the optimum period of time between maintenance by the aid of Monte Carlo simulation technique of an old water tube boiler, double identical drums; its capacity is 70 ton/ hour of super heated steam. There are a multitude of failures that are caused by boiler operator's errors, boiler inspector, boiler maintainer and faults of boiler auxiliary equipments which lead to operation parameter deviations and boiler shut down. Changing maintenance plan to be based on optimum period of time between scheduled maintenance and inspection will achieve maximum boiler availability.

his work presents the simulation of a Parallel Concatenation Convolution Coding PCCC with Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels with a comparison with the uncoded data and that uses Serial Concatenated Convolutional Coding SCCC. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency with six iteration. Modulation schemes that used are Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, QPSK and 16 PSK), along with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The channel models used are as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification TS 25.101 v2.10 with a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz.It was noticed that there is an

Laminar natural convection heat transfer to air flow in a ducted two parallel plates subjected to same constant heat flux has been studied experimentally. In this study a test rig has been designed and constructed to allow studying the effect of plate spacing and plates angle of inclination on the heat transfer process. The study covers three plate spacing 15 mm, 35mm and 60 mm that makes plate aspect ratio (AR) 24, 10.285 and 6, The heat flux implemented in all test runs varies between 55 W/m2– 340 W/m2 that makes the modified Rayleigh number (Ra) varies from 105-108. Experimental results presented as plate temperature distribution, variation of local heat transfer coefficient and the relation between Nu and Ra, reveal for the range o

The undrained stability of cohesive slopes (0) subjected to surcharge loads is studied in this paper. Problems of this kind are involved in structures rapidly built near the crest of cohesive slopes and heavy equipment (e.g. draglines, buldozers and railways) move on slope. Using the non-linear finite element method, the effects of line loads and uniformly distributed loads are studied and the distribution of stresses under these loads is examined. The value of Per (critical line load) required equating the driving and resisting moments for a unit length of the slope was computed using the computer program. The process was repeated until a mininnum Per was obtained.

This paper presents the Taguchi approach for optimization of hardness for  shape memory alloy (Cu-Al-Ni) . The influence of  powder metallurgy parameters on hardness has been investigated. Taguchi technique and ANOVA were used for analysis. Nine experimental runs based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array were performed (OA),for two parameters was study (Pressure and sintering temperature) for three different levels (300 ,500 and 700) MPa ,(700 ,800 and  900)^oC respectively . Main effect, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was study, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using  to investigate the micro-hardness characteristics of the shape memory alloy .after application the result of study shown the hei

In this work, the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under biaxial bending is studied. This work aims at studying the strengthening of columns by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The experimental work includes investigation of eight reinforced concrete columns (150*150*500mm) tested under several load conditions. Variables considered in the test program include; effect of eccentricity and effect of longitudinal reinforcement (Ø12mm or Ø6mm). Test results are discussed based on load – lateral deflection behavior, load –longitudinal deflection behavior, ultimate load and failure modes. The CFRP reinforcement permits
a complete change in the failure mode of the columns .The effect of longitudinal reinforcement in

Increasing the aerodynamic efficiency and enhancing the supermaneuverability for the selected supersonic aircraft (F-16A) is presented. Aerodynamic characteristics, surface pressure distribution and maximum lift are are estimated for the baseline configuration for different Mach number and angles of attack in subsonic and supersonic potential flow, using a low order three- dimensional panel method supported with semi-empirical formulas of Datcom.

Estimation of the total nose-up and nose-down pitching moments about the center of gravity of the completed aircraft in subsonic region depending on the flight conditions and aircraft performance limitations. A modern program was implemented by suggesting a two dimensional thrust vectori

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the possible reduction of formation damage that is result from drilling muds. This was accomplished through making a bridging system with different barite additions 70, 140, 200, 280 lb/bbl to fresh water mud. This bridging system creates an effective sealing of impermeable filter cake, thereby inhibiting continual losses of small solids and mud filtrate into the formation.The study indicates that all the truds, which were used, have the ability to damage the petrophysical properties of formation, but some additives to mud reduce the damage in petrophysical properties. In addition, it is found that minimum permeability damage can be obtained when the particles of drilling mud are

Smart water flooding (low salinity water flooding) was mainly invested in a sandstone reservoir. The main reasons for using low salinity water flooding are; to improve oil recovery and to give a support for the reservoir pressure.

In this study, two core plugs of sandstone were used with different permeability from south of Iraq to explain the effect of water injection with different ions concentration on the oil recovery. Water types that have been used are formation water, seawater, modified low salinity water, and deionized water.

The effects of water salinity, the flow rate of water injected, and the permeability of core plugs have been studied in order to summarize the best conditions of low salinity

This research examines the use of vibratory treatments to reduce residual stresses in small welded parts. In this experimental investigation, a post weld vibration treatment was applied to T- A106 steel pipe fitting specimens to study the effect of the treatment on the residual stress and the hardness of the material. The vibratory stress relief treatment was carried out at different vibration frequency. The results have demonstrated that post-weld vibratory stress relief of small size fittings is possible and residual stress may be relieved, and the treatment may be an alternative method for heat treatment especially when unchange in dimensions and material stability are required.

   يعد الامتثال الضريبي واحد من اهم البرامج التي تسعى الدول الى تنفيذها من اجل مواجهة التهرب الضريبي، وقد اقر الكونغرس الامريكي قانونا ضمنت حكومة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من خلاله مكافحة التهرب الضريبي لمواطنيها المقيمين في خارج حدودها  الاقليمية، حيث اصدرت في عام 2013 قانون الامتثال الضريبي للحسابات الامريكية الخارجية والذي يطلق عليه اختصار قانون فاتكا اختصارا لعبارة: (foreign Account Tax Compliance Act).وتتجسد

In this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of operating variables on, the percentage of removed sludge (PSR) obtained during re-refining of 15W-40 Al-Durra spent lubricant by solvent extraction-flocculation treatment method. Binary solvents were used such as, Heavy Naphtha (H.N.): MEK (N:MEK), H.N. : n-Butanol (N:n-But), and H.N. : Iso-Butanol (N:Iso:But). The studied variables were mixing speed (300-900, rpm), mixing time (15-60, min), and operating  temperature (2540, oC). This study showed that the studied operating variables have effects where, increasing the mixing time up to 45 min for H.N.: MEK, H.N.: n-Butanol  and 30 min for H.N.: Iso-Butanol increased the PSR, after that percentage was decreased; increasing t

Many researchers have tackled the shear behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams by using different kinds of strengthening in the shear regions and steel fibers. In the current paper, the effect of multiple parameters, such as using one percentage of Steel Fibers (SF) with and without stirrups, without stirrups and steel fibers, on the shear behavior of RC beams, has been studied and compared by using Finite Element analysis (FE). Three-dimensional (3D) models of (RC) beams are developed and analyzed using ABAQUS commercial software. The models were validated by comparing their results with the experimental test. The total number of beams that were modeled for validation purposes was four. Extensive pa

When a vehicle is left parked in the sun for an extended period, the gathered heat causes damage to several interiors within the cabin and causes discomfort for people and animals left inside the car. In the present work, the effect of the orientation of a parked white minibus on temperature distribution and cooling load calculation is studied experimentally in an open environment. Two different cases were studied facing south and facing east. For several hours, the temperature inside the car cabin had been monitored and measured at five separate locations. The cooling load calculations are carried out based on the experimental measurements. The results show that the overheating of parked cars always happens as a result

This paper analyzes a piled-raft foundation on non-homogeneous soils with variable layer depth percentages. The present work aims to perform a three-dimensional finite element analysis of a piled-raft foundation subjected to vertical load using the PLAXIS 3D software. Parametric analysis was carried out to determine the effect of soil type and initial layer thickness. The parametric study showed that increasing the relative density from 30 % to 80 % of the upper sand layer and the thickness of the first layer has led to an increase in the ultimate load and a decrease in the settlement of piled raft foundations for the cases of sand over weak soil.  In clay over weak soil, the ultimate load of the piled raft foundation w

The possibility of using inhibited hydrochloric acid in descaling of water deposits on heat exchanger and cooling system tubes have been investigated. A dynamic flow system was designed for this state. Experiments were carried out using different, temperatures, solution flow rates,times, and different hydrochloric acid concentrations inhibited with Hexamine. Kinetics of acid iron oxide scale reaction was studied using hydrochloric acid The kinetics analysis showed that the acid- FeO scale reaction followes 1st order reaction. It was found that the FeO scale removal was mass transfer controlling process. Iron- oxide scale removal process was analyzed as mass transfer operation and adequate semi- empirical correlations for scale removal (o

It has increasingly been recognised that the future developments in geospatial data handling will centre on geospatial data on the web: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The evaluation of VGI data quality, including positional and shape similarity, has become a recurrent subject in the scientific literature in the last ten years. The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project is the most popular one of the leading platforms of VGI datasets. It is an online geospatial database to produce and supply free editable geospatial datasets for a worldwide. The goal of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the quality assurance of OSM data. In addition, the credibility of open source geospatial data is discussed, highlight

Rotating turbine blades are the important parts in gas turbines. Hence, an accurate estimation of stresses, deformations and vibration characteristics are required in the design to avoid failure and obtain an optimum weight and cost. Because in recent years interest in the effect of temperature on solid bodies has greatly increased, thremal effects are investigated in addition to the rotation of effects.
This work presents the numerical solutions of the blade using degenerated curved shell theory, finite element package has been developed using the degenerated curved shell element as a discretization element in order to obtain the stresses, deformations and vibration characteristics of the rotating blades. The numerical results are co

The coefficient of performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system can be improved if a reduction in the work of compressor can be achieved by a suitable technique. The present study investigates the effect of dispersing a low concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles in the mineral oil based lubricant, as well as on the overall performance of a window type Air-Conditioner system using R22 as the working fluid. An enhancement in the COP of the refrigeration system has been observed and the existence of an optimum volume fraction noticed, with low concentrations of nanoparticles suspended in the mineral oil. Results showed that the average compressor work reduced by 13.3%, which ultimately resulted in an increase of 11.99% in the COP due to