This study was conducted in the Plant Protection Department-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad for the period 2021-2022 with the aim of isolating and identification the pathogens that cause root rot and wilt disease on the Catharanthus roseus plant in different regions of Baghdad by morphological and molecular methods using PCR technique dependence on the ITS region. The results of sampling collection showed the spread of root rot and wilt disease on C. roseus plant in all the regions covered by the study in Baghdad (Al-Gurayat, Al-Sidiyah, Al-Khadhra, Al-Ghazaliya and

This study aimed to investigate the impact of agricultural TOT shocks and the strength of their effects on some indicators of the agricultural sector. The research uses VAR, Variance decomposition and IRF approaches. The research is due to the almost monolithic exports and the multiplicity of imports, and the results of the agricultural product response to the shock of the agricultural gross terms of trade (GBTT) indicated that it had a negative impact, due to the shocks that the last variable was subjected to, which was reflected on an agricultural product, but they are not permanent as they returned to the normal situation within the sixth year. The research recommended adopting the TOT criterion as one of the criteria for draw

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops belong to the leguminous family native to East Asia. Chemical fertilizers are widely used to increase production in quantity and quality. As a result of the harmful effects caused by chemical fertilizers, it become necessary to find alternative solutions as sustainable approach toward supply plant by elements needs such as biofertilizers. In this study, Bradyrhizobium japonicum alone or in combination of microorganism inoculation included (B. japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus mosseae, and Anabaena azollae) were tested toward soybean growth parameters under open field condition. Results showed that there is a signif

This study was established to investigate the ability of the sunflower callus plant (Helianthus annuus L.) to tolerate salinity stress for two levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM), three concentrations of IAA (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1), and BAP (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1) in lab conditions. Calli cultures were induced from the cotyledon of H. annuus L. cultured in an appropriate combination of growth regulators 2,4-D and kintein. The salinity results exhibited negative effects in most of the study indications, which can be revealed by a significant increase in sodium content (Na⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂

Experiment of  half diallel cross  among eight maize inbred lines was carried out during spring 2021.The varietal traits for F1 cross and parents with local hybrid were conducted during autumn 2021 Field of  College of Agricultural  Engineering  Sciences , University of Duhok, using Randomized  Complete  Block  Design with three replications .The results were revealed that the analysis of variance for genotypes and general and specific combining ability were significant effect on  studied traits , also the ratio of degree  of  dominance is  less  then one for all traits . The cross 7x8  gave the  heighest  value ( 219.35g)   for grain yield

This research investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy of Ipomoea pes-caprae extracts collected from Pantai Talang Siring Pamekasan, Madura. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins in the extracts, indicating their rich bioactive profile. Antioxidant activity assessed via the DPPH assay demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging of free radicals, with methanol and ethanol extracts exhibiting superior activity compared to the aqueous extract. Antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus revealed significant inhibitory effects, with methan

Indonesia is characterized by great diversity of freshwater shrimp, consisting of several islands due to the geographical location on the equator. A recent investigation conducted in Central Java has identified Serayu River as the major habitat of freshwater shrimp genus Macrobrachium. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the type of giant freshwater shrimp found downstrea

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the winter and spring seasons on some biomarkers and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls (n = 20) during the Coronavirus pandemic period. Semen was collected for 16 weeks and evaluated weekly, along with the determination of some biomarkers. Sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, the concentrations of the most amino acids, essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, all carboxylic acids, omega 3, 6, 9, total fatty acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, increased (P<0.05) in semen of spring compared to the winter season. Moreover, the percentage of plasma membrane integrity was higher in the winter than the spring season. The concentration of m

Candida albicans is an universal fungi, belong to the phylum Ascomycota, the infection caused by Candida albicans is called candidiasis. The study aimed to evaluate the Syzygium aromaticum extract as antifungal activity and fungicidal against C.albicans. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine active components of clove oil which indicated the presence of eugenol (41.24%), followed by caryophyllene (18.36%) . The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was done to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of different S.arom

The current study aimed to determine the effect of adding mixture of dried dill (Anethum gravelens) powder at levels 0.2 % with yogurt to the quail diet on the productive and physiological characteristics of male and female quails. The experimental birds were divided into four treatments, and each treatment was divided into three replicates, with 8 birds for each replicate. The results showed a significant superiority of quail birds in the fourth treatment in the body weight at 42 days (210.08±3.34 g/bird), carcass weight (125.50±1.9 g/bird), highest value of HDL (14.50 ± 0.33 mg/dL) and the number of white blood cells (123.21 ± 5.66100/µL). While the birds of the second treatment excelled in the hemoglobin ratio in

This study aimed to investigate the taxonomical relationship among eight species belonging to Asteraceae based on natural products as fresh leaves of eight species (Carthamus tinctorius L., Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng., Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl., Senecio glaucus L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and Sonchus tenerrimus L.) have been collected from different regions of Baghdad. The phytochemical screening of hexane extracts from eight plants showed different se

The aim of this study is to investigate the economic feasibility of paper recycling factories in Iraq by studying the technical, marketing and financial feasibility to establish a paper-recycling factory in Najaf Governorate and to show the importance of these projects in achieving sustainable efficiency as well as achieving economic efficiency. The expected investment and operating costs were estimated and then the economic profitability criteria were adopted in addition to conducting a sensitivity analysis and determining the break-even amount. The research hypothesis was proven, which confirms that there is an economic, an environmental and marketing feasibility for paper waste recycling projects, as it was found that the proj

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different feeding levels of Alfalfa pellet ration (APR) on the productive performance and economic feasibility of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). A total of 270 one-day-old ducklings were used. The birds at seven-day-old were assigned to 9 indoor pens of (1×2.2m) with outdoor and swimming pool (1×9.8m) and Each box represented an indoor replicate with 30 ducklings. The feeding program for Pekin Duck group treatments with alfalfa pellet rations (47% alfalfa) was used as a replacement to the basal diet at different percentages (0%, 25%, and 50%) for control (T0), first (T1) and second (T2) groups. The results showed no significant differences among treatments except accumul

A study was conducted to investigate the most sensitive, early, and precise methods for detecting pregnancy in Iraqi She-camels using plasma progesterone levels, ultrasonography, and rectal palpation techniques. The study involved twelve multiparous, non-lactating one-humped She-camels.The sensitivity of plasma progesterone for diagnosing pregnant She-camels decreased (P ≤ 0.01) from 100% at day 20 post-mating (PM) to 80% during subsequent periods. Conversely, the specificity for diagnosing non-pregnant She-camels increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 71.4% at day 20 PM to 85.7% at day 30 PM, reaching 100% at days 40, 50, and 60 PM. The sensitivity for diagnosing pregnant she-camels using ultrasonography was 100% on day 20 post-mating (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-27 serum level and IL-27 gene SNP rs153109 with the risk and clinical features of the Iraqi patients with AITD. The blood samples were collected from 120 AITD patients and 60 healthy controls. Serum levels of interleukin-27 were assessed using ELISA kit. The study results showed a higher significant difference of IL-27 in sera of AITD patients compered to controls (p<0.001). The allele frequency and genotypes in the patient and control groups were determined using High-resolution melting (HRM) to detect the genetic variation in IL-27 gene SNP (rs153109). the result showed that CC and TC genotype of rs153109 had a statistically significant increase

The better approach to control the contamination of food by aflatoxin (AF), is identifying the fungal strains responsible for producing that toxin. To estimate the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi growth and AFs in pistachios, thirty two pistachios samples (8 fresh and 24 salt roasted) were collected from Sulaimani markets (Iraq).Rapid screening method for AFs production were utilized initially based on culture methods, the positive samples confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that were applied using DNA extracted from the isolates of A. flavus targeting the genes (afR, aflP, aflD, and aflQ

This study was conducted to identify resistance sources in the Iraqi wheat cultivars using pathological and molecular approaches. Results revealed that forty-four reeleased wheat cultivars were divided into four groups according to their mean infection percentage to common bunt disease. Resistant group consists of wheat cultivars Farris 1, Ashur, Tamuz 3, AlMadian, AlBaraka, Latiffiya, and Rabia. The mean infection percentage of this group ranged from 0.28-3.98% and significantly was higher than

Vegetation diversity patterns are necessary to identify species of plants in the Zawita mountains area, Duhok Governorate, Iraq, to investigate the influence of topographical elements (aspects - north and south, elevations and slope gradients) on diagnosis, density, frequency, and species richness and diversity of species in the Zawita forest understory vegetation. Sampling vegetation was surveyed at (1 * 1 m^-2), for 8 quadrats per each zigzag transect. The data were designed with a strip-strip block design, with four replicates for each transect. The results revealed significant differences in frequency, density, and Shannon index due to aspects, elevations, and slope gradient. While other measured traits, species ric

This study was aimed to investigat integrated system for in vitro growth of paulownia plants by assessing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) as an alternative to autoclave in sterilizing culture medium. Therefore, this study was devised to compare autoclave sterilization at three different times (5, 10, and 15) minutes and three different concentrations of ClO₂ (0, 0.4, 0,8, 1) mg/L. The results showed that, compared with (0.4) mg/L concentration,  concentrations of (0.8 and 1) mg/L are more effective at sterilizing the culture medium. ClO₂ sterilization improved individual single node growth more than autoclave sterilization. Since ClO₂

This study was aimed to examine the anticancer activity of fabricated ZnONPs- L-ASNase conjugate against cancer and normal cell lines. Total of 127 bacterial isolates were taken from clinicalandenvironmentalsamples then identified as E.coli.In this work, 88 isolates were identified as E.coli.L-asparaginase produced from E.coli were screened¸clinical Isolates of E.coli from urine sample have the potential to produce asparaginase that is responsible for cytotoxicity¸the optimal culture conditions for the development of the enzyme L-asparaginase were determined to be 37ºC and pH8. Nitrogen sourceconcentrations at 0.9gm/ml were discovered to maximize enzyme production. L-asparag

The study area located at Erbil province, Kurdistan, Iraq, seven pedons were elected. Twenty-one soil samples were collected in the study area. Different physiochemical and fertility indices have been used to determine the soils development, despite of generating interpolated maps for them. The results indicated that the low values of clay were found in the less pedon developed and argillic horizon existed in development pedons. Study soils were non-saline, slightly to moderately alkaline, and had relatively high bulk density values. Organic matter is concentrated at the soil surface. Considerable total carbonates are found in studied soils and have irregular distribution manner, as well as have high CEC values. Low C/N ratio due

A field experiment conduct during winter season 2022-2023. This study was aimed to investigate effect number of seeds.m² to two wheat varieties. The results showed the superiority of  V1 in most main stem growth traits (biological yield, number of ears .In square meters, plant height, spike length, spikelets number / ear and chlorophyll content ( 1.87 t. ha, 20.0 seed. m² , 113.90 cm , 18.40 cm, 26.37 spikelets/ ear  and 75.92 (SPAD ) respectively. V1 also excelled in all the traits of branch growth ( biological yield, number of peduncles /m², plant height, spike length and spikelets number / ear, (16.71 tons .Ha^-1, 259.17 ear /m²  ,104.57 cm, 16.83 cm and 23.6

This study was aimed to investigate combining ability and genetic parameters in summer squash (cucurbita pepo L.). Eight inbred lines of summer squash were crossed in line x tester method in summer season 2020. The parental lines (3 tester and 5 lines) and their off springs (15 hybrids) were planted out in the summer season  2021 at vegetable field, Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Duhok University. The experiment lay out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the mean square for genotypes were highly significant effect for tester , line and line x tester in all studied traits. The Tester LBL2 and line PEP1670 were the best comb

The present study was designed to select a suitable isolate of Lactobacillus sp. in order to use it as a probiotic in a toothpaste for the prevention of dental disease. For this purpose, 30 Lactobacillus isolates were collected from different sources and subjected to a screening program to evaluate their antagonism activities against three oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus mutans. Eight Lactobacillus isolates were selected from primary screening according to their ability to inhibit the growth of three indicators which then exposed to a secondary screening to detect their ability to produce high amount of bacteriocin. Based on results, th

This study was aimed to investigate the role of some Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and E. coli fliC gene polymorphisms with increased risk to recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI). From 180 specimens (blood and urine) were collected from women of different age, 60 of them serve as control while 120 had rUTI symptoms. After culturing of urine specimens, 43 (35.8%) were identified as E. coli isolates. Four SNPs were identified when amplified and sequenced of TLR5 include rs5744168, rs775385356, rs2072493 and rs5744174. Twelve flagellar antigen serotypes were obtained from fliC sequence of 28 isolates. By using Expasy a

This research was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during the fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021 in order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and the foliar application of boron on the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Using factorial experiment (5*4) within Randomized Complete Block Design  with three replicates, the organic fertilizer (palm fronds peat) was applied at four levels (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha^-1) in addition to the treatment of the recommended of chemical fertilizer. The foliar application of Boron was applied at four concentrations which were 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg (H₃Bo₃

This study was aimed to test four types of different plants for the purpose of selecting the optimal plant as a source of the amylase enzyme, including wheat, barley, rice, and potatoes. Among these plants, wheat was selected as the best plant source for enzyme extraction because it possessed the highest effectiveness of the enzyme specific activity (3.0 U/mg protein). Furthermore, sodium acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.0) was determined to be the optimal extraction buffer with a 1:5 (w:v) ratio after 75 min, and it provided 68 U/mg protein. The enzyme was concentrated with sucrose before being purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-150. The results demonstrated a 1.8-fold increases in final purification folds wit

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of kaolin on copper sulfate toxicity and on some hematological and biochemical performance in Cyprinus carpio L. 240 common carp ranged between 85-95g in weight. A total of 120 fish were used to determine the median lethal concentration LC₅₀ of copper sulfate and 120 fish and randomly distributed into six treatments (two replications for each treatment). The LC₅₀ of copper sulfate was 1.82 mg/l for 48h exposure, then added 0.91mg/l of copper sulfate to all treatment groups except control negative .The experimental treatments included adding kaolin: Control negative (without copper sulfate or kaolin); Control positive 0.91mg/l copper sulfate without

This study was investigated the relationship between Holstein bulls' fertility with some biomarkers (amino، fatty، and organic acids) and semen characteristics. The study included exploring the relationship among the fertility of Holstein bulls، several biomarkers، and semen characteristics in straws (20-25 straws/bull) preserved for three years. The cows were artificially inseminated (9-10 cows/bull) from semen. Based on the fertility rate، the bulls were divided into three groups، the first bulls of medium fertility (˂65%)، the second of good fertility (65-79%)، and the third of high fertility (>80%). The semen characteristics were evaluated، and the concentration of some amino acids and organic fatty acids was mea

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate and their interactions as preservatives in fat oxidation, some quality and microbial characteristics of chilled ground beef meat stored at 4C˚ for 0,4,8 and 12 days. The study included nine different treatments: T1 (control treatment without addition), T2 (nisin at a concentration of 150 mg/kg), T3 (potassium sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T4 (sodium lactate 3%), T5 (nisin 150 mg/kg + potassium sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T6 (nisin 150 mg/kg + sodium lactate 3%), T7 (Sodium Lactate 3% + Potassium Sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T8 (Nisin 150 mg/kg + Sodium Lactate 3% + Potassium Sorbate 0.075 g/kg) and T9 (Addition of Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA 0.01%)). All tr