In this study, a new series of 1,2,4-triazine and 1,2-diazine derivatives was prepared in four and three steps, respectively. In the preparation of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives. The first step included a reaction between 2-phenyl-3-aminoquinazoline-4-(3H)-one and chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of Et3N as a base to produce (1) in 83% yield. Compound (1) was then reacted in the second step with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding hydrazide (2) in 80% yield. The third step of our work included a reaction of compound (2) with different compounds: α-Naphthan isocyanate to give compound (3) (90% yield); phenyl isocyanate to afford compound (4) (80% yield); phenyl isothiocyanate to yield compound (5) (85% yield); and CS2 in basic

The aim of this paper is to compare between classical and fuzzy filters for removing different types of noise in gray scale images. The processing used consists of three steps. First, different types of noise are added to the original image to produce a noisy image (with different noise ratios). Second, classical and fuzzy filters are used to filter the noisy image. Finally, comparing between resulting images depending on a quantitative measure called Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) to determine the best filter in each case.
The image used in this paper is a 512 * 512 pixel and the size of all filters is a square window of size 3*3. Results indicate that fuzzy filters achieve varying successes in noise reduction in image compared to

This study aims to analyze spectra in real-time for λ Draconids, σ Hydrids, μ Virginid, and one sporadic meteor using spectroscopic chemical analysis and diagnose plasma parameters. Good-resolution spectroscopy and a CCD camera for meteor observation were used concurrently to examine the ablation spectra of these meteorites in situ. The Boltzmann and Lorentz methods were then used to determine the temperature and density of electrons, the length of Debye, and the frequency of plasma. Furthermore, spectra data can be analyzed and compared to data from other sources. Spectrum tests can be utilized to identify the chemical structure of meteorites' plasma.

Accurately predicting customer churn is considered crucial by businesses in order to take proactive measures to retain their customers and avoid financial losses. In this paper, a customer churn prediction model is proposed that incorporates deep neural networks and imbalanced data techniques. The approach involves applying oversampling and undersampling methods to address class imbalances in the dataset. The model's performance is evaluated using various evaluation metrics and compared to other methods. The results demonstrate that superior performance in predicting customer churn is achieved by the proposed model compared to traditional statistical methods and deep neural networks without imbalanced data techniques. Important implicati

The degree of genetic divergence was estimated in six Iraqi soft wheat genotypes,
four exotic genotypes, one produced by hybridization and one produced by gamma
irradiation, through random amplified polymorphic DNA methodology. A total of
42 DNA fragments were generated by the 3 random primers, with an average of
about 7.4 bands per primer. The 42 fragments showed polymorphism among the six
wheat genotypes. Jaccard similarity matrix ranged from 25 to 66.7%, which
indicated a high genetic diversity among the genotypes. We conclude that random
amplified polymorphic DNA analysis can be used for the characterization and
grouping of wheat genotypes; these results will be helpful in our wheat breeding

The Garagu Formation represents a part of the Late Tethonian-Middle Valanginian sequence, which was deposited during the Early Cretaceous period within the main carbonate open marine environment. The studied area covers three oil fields; Jambur (Ja-46), Khabaz (Kz-1), and Qara Chauq (Qc-2) oil fields which are located in the north part of Iraq within the Low Folded Zone.
Eight major microfacies were recognized in Garagu Formation within the area of study to determination and recognition the paleoenvironments. The major microfacies for this carbonate succession are; Lime mudstone microfacies, Orbitolinid and Nezzazata wackestone with bioclast microfacies, Foraminifera wackestone-packstone microfacies, Bioclast wackestone – packston

Face recognition is a type of biometric software application that can identify a specific
individual in a digital image by analyzing and comparing patterns. It is the process of
identifying an individual using their facial features and expressions.
In this paper we proposed a face recognition system using Stationary Wavelet Transform
(SWT) with Neural Network, the SWT are applied into five levels for feature facial
extraction with probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) , the system produced good results
and then we improved the system by using two manner in Neural Network (PNN) and
Support Vector Machine(SVM) so we find that the system performance is more better
after using SVM where the result shows the performance o

Tuning a PID controller is a crucial task in control engineering to achieve optimal performance of the system. However, manual tuning of PID parameters can be inaccurate and difficult without extensive experience. One approach to tuning the PID controller is by utilizing heuristic algorithms. These algorithms are based on natural phenomena and can efficiently search for the optimal set of PID parameters. Therefore, utilizing met heuristic algorithms for tuning PID controllers can significantly improve the system's performance and reduce costs associated with manual tuning. In this paper, a new method for tuning parameters of the PID controller of DC motors using a hybrid adaptive PID_GTO predictive model based on the artificial gorilla t

In this paper, we will create a new stream key cipher generator (KG) that is based on the LFSR unit and a chaotic map. The created KG can be used for a variety of purposes, including cryptography and steganography. The suggested KG is called Efficient Stream KG, and it demonstrates its efficiency when it passes all of the basic efficiency criteria tests, namely the periodicity, linear complexity, correlation immunity, and randomness.

A watermarking scheme based on slantlet transform, an orthogonal discrete
wavelet transform with two zero moments and with improved time localization, is
presented in this paper. The watermark is embedded into mid band frequencies of
slantlet coefficients in the transform domain, which leads to very small distortion
and guarantees the visual quality of the watermarked image. The performance of the
proposed algorithm is compared with embedding watermarking system using
wavelet transformation the result show promising performance of the proposed
system where the increasing in PSNR is approximately 20 dB.

In this paper the elevation angle of Jupiter at Baghdad location according to its coordinate for the period (2005-2020) has been studied. The Radio Jove pro. Edition program is used to achieve the Jupiter elevation angle at this time period. In 2007, 2008 the path of Jupiter is appeared near the horizon when the monitor trying to observe it. While in 2013, 2014 it's reached its maximum value then its return to reached its minimum value at 2019, 2020 according to the position of Jupiter in Baghdad for this period.

The work is a method of an improving "Qaiyara" crude oil recovery using a
mixture of hot water with surfactant. Laboratory system was designed. Using this
system, four tests of hot water with surfactant under various condition were
conducted. The first three tests are conducted under temperatures 50, 60, 80oC
respectively with mixture of hot water + 2% wt. surfactant. The fourth test is done
under 80oC and mixture of hot water +4% surf. The result obtained show the
efficiency of hot water with surfactant in improving the recovery. The results show
proportioned relation between temperature and surfactant concentration with oil
recovery.

Primary amenorrhea is one of common gynecological diseases among adolescent girls in community which is characterized by absence of menstrual cycles and normal sexual characteristics. Chromosomal abnormalities and hormonal disturbance play a crucial role in developing this disease. However, due to social stigma, many people with sex-related abnormalities even in certain provincial regions of Iraq do not ask for medical help resulting in an unclear true incidence of sex abnormalities among amenorrhea patients. Thirty-four patients were referred to Genetic Consultation Clinic in the Medical city of Baghdad to determine the possible causes of primary amenorrhea. Ultrasound findings of the current study revealed that 5 (14.72%) patients had

This research shows the design and implementation of a small and simple Arabic word-puzzle game to test the effect of electronic games in enhancing and supporting the traditional learning system. The system based on from the real needs of classrooms in the Iraqi primary schools so the game is designed for primary school students (first and second grade) and this required the exploration of how schools use and teach information. The system is built by using Visual Basic version 6 programming language in conjunction with the Microsoft Office Access 2007, Results show our game based educational program is effective. 14 children (6-7 years old) played the game. The children played through multiple sessions. For each child; this game is usefu

        Let R be a ring. JS-injective right R-modules are introduced and studied in  this paper as a generalization of small-injective right R-modules. Let  N and  M be right R-modules. A module  M is said to be JS-N-injective if every  R-homomorphism from a submodule of J(N) J(R)  into  M extends to N. If a module M is JS-R-injective, then  M is called JS-injective. Many characterizations and properties of JS-injective right R-modules are obtained. Rings over which every right module is JS-injective are characterized. We study quotients of JS-injective right modules. Then we

Non-homogeneous Poisson process with power law intensity function has often been used as a model for describing the failure pattern of repairable systems. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation are used to estimate model parameters. Simulation and realistic application are used and represented by shutting down the gas power plant in Mosul. Stops in hours are designed with the power law random process model in order to obtain a model that represents the average stop time of the units throughout the study period in the best way. The results of the application on the data of the three concerned stations show that the Bayes estimate is better than the maximum likelihood estimate. This proves that the Bayes methods are very accurate and e

Mixed phase rutile/anatase of TiO2 was prepared and studied by a closed field DC magnetron sputtering configuration (CFDCMS). It was found that the contents of rutile increased from the ratio of 38% to 53% as the deposition time increased from 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours.
The photocatalytic activity of the mixed phase rutile/anatase TiO2 was measured by monitoring the degradation of the blue methylene dye in an aqueous solution, under exposure to UV-radiation, using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. It was proven that the photocatalytic activity in the mixed phase (TiO2) is a function of rutile content reaching a maximum value at 53% rutile. Thus, the effect of synergy between anatase- TiO2 and rutile- TiO2 was observed. It was observed that

In this article, the additivity of higher multiplicative mappings, i.e., Jordan mappings, on generalized matrix algebras are studied. Also, the definition of Jordan higher triple product homomorphism is introduced and its additivity on generalized matrix algebras is studied.

In this work, we study two species of predator with two species of prey model, where the two species of prey live in two diverse habitats and have the ability to group-defense. Only one of the two predators tends to switch between the habitats. The mathematical model has at most 13 possible equilibrium points, one of which is the point of origin, two are axial, tow are interior points and the others are boundary points. The model with , where n is the switching index, is discussed regarding the boundedness of its solutions and the local stability of its equilibrium points. In addition, a basin of attraction was created for the interior point. Finally, three numerical examples were given to support the theoretical results.

In this paper, the definition of fuzzy anti-inner product in a linear space is introduced. Some results of fuzzy anti-inner product spaces are given, such as the relation between fuzzy inner product space and fuzzy anti-inner product. The notion of minimizing vector is introduced in fuzzy anti-inner product settings.

      A 3D velocity model was created by using stacking velocity of 9 seismic lines and average velocity of 6 wells drilled in Iraq. The model was achieved by creating a time model to 25 surfaces with an interval time between each two successive surfaces of about 100 msec.  The summation time of all surfaces reached about 2400 msec, that was adopted according to West Kifl-1 well, which penetrated to a depth of 6000 m, representing the deepest well in the study area. The seismic lines and well data were converted to build a 3D cube time model and the velocity was spread on the model. The seismic inversion modeling of the elastic properties of the horizon and well data was applied to achieve a corrected veloci

There is a vast quantity of information contained within the billions of web pages that make up the World Wide Web (WWW). Search engines carry out a variety of activities depending on their own architectures for retrieving the necessary information from the WWW. The search engine typically returns a huge number of pages in response to a user's query when the user submits one. Numerous ranking techniques have been utilized on search results to aid consumers in navigating the result list. The majority of ranking algorithms described in literature are either content-based or link-based, and they do not take user usage patterns into account. The presented study discusses web mining ranking algorithms depending on structures, contents, and us

The thermal maturity ,  burial history and petroleum generation history of  four oil wells selected  from four oil fields in Southern Iraq, they are: Nasiriyah(Ns-1 well) , Gharraf (GA-5well) ,Abu Ammood (Ab-1well) and Riffai (Ri-1well) have been studied using 1D basin and petroleum systems modeling. Results showed  different period of subsidence, which ranges from high to moderate subsidence, occurred at upper Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous and slow subsidence in Miocene  . The porosity in the studied area represents the highest value in Dammam , Tayarat ,Um-Eradhuma and Khasib Formations. For most of the studied wells, the Paleocene to Miocene has to be regarded as times when the maximum temperature prevailed assoc

This study was conducted to determining the variable effects on water quality of Greater Zab River in Erbil province, Iraq, using multivariate statistical analysis. Seventeen variables were monitored in four sampling sites during one year (from May 2012 to April 2013). The dataset were treated using principal component analysis (PCA)/ factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) to the most important factors affecting water quality, sources of pollution and suitability of water for drinking consumption and irrigation. Six factors were identified as responsible for the data structure explaining 73.5% of the total variance in the dataset and are conditionally named, hydrochemical from weathering, mineral salts and domestic wastes. CA showed

The study aimed to evaluate whether Enalapril has any effects on the testicular tissue of the albino male mice which received or did not receive treatment with Enalapril.

Mature mice were divided into three groups: control group which fed with 0.1mg of normal saline, the second group was orally fed with 10 mg/Kg of Enalapril drug while the third group was fed with 20 mg/Kg of drug, one time a day for 30 successive days by using gavage tube (0.1ml).  The histological sections were performed and the slides were examined using the light microscope.

 The present study result of light microscopic images of mice testes cross sections which treated with 20 mg/Kg of Enalapril showed coagulated necrosis on spermatogonia

The genus Serrasentis is one of important acanthocephalan parasites, parasitizing fish, birds and other vertebrates. Twenty two out of 500 fish specimens (4.4%) were found to be naturally infected with adult and cyst of worms of Serrasentis sp. which were collected from the stomach and intestine of Synaptura orientalis; Johnius belangrii, Otolithus ruber and Upeneus sulphureus fish species', from locations of Khor Abdullah, Arabian Gulf, Iraqi marine waters (29°58,33, N48°28, 20E) during the year 2017.The light and SEM study revealed that the adult worm have elongated and cylindrical body, anterior extremity with hooks forming combs arranged on the ven

     Candida ssp are of medical importance because they are the most common opportunistic mycosis worldwide, a common cause of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs), oral candidiasis and genitourinary candidiasis.  The development of Candida spp infection depends on several factors such as age, sex, and immunity of the host-pathogen relationship. They are resistance to one or more antifungal. The purpose of these studies to isolation and identification of Candida spp from urine sample and investigation of susceptibility of these strains to Amphotericin B andFluconazole. There are 105 Urine sample of the renal failure were collected using a sterile urinary cap, different diagnostic

    The matter, proton, and neutron density distributions of the ground state, the nuclear root-mean-square (rms) radii, and the elastic form factors of a two- neutron, ⁸He and ²⁶F, halo nuclei have been studied by the three body model of  within the harmonic oscillator (HO) and Woods-Saxon (WS) radial wave functions. The calculated results show that the two body model within the HO and WS radial wave functions succeeds in reproducing the neutron halo in these exotic nuclei. Moreover, the Glauber model at high energy (above several hundred MeV) has been used to calculate the rms radii and reaction cross sections of these nuclei.

In this study, flow-based routing model is investigated. The aim of this study is to increase scalability of flow control, routing and network resources solutions, as well as to improve Quality of Service and performance of the whole system. A method of hierarchical routing is proposed. The goal coordination method alsoused in this paper. Two routing models (model with quadratic objective function and model with traffic engineering) were fully analyzed. The basic functions of the hierarchical routing model levels based on goal coordination method were addressed Both models’ convergence is also explained. The dependence of the coordination iterations number on the packet flow rates for both models is graphically shown. The results shows

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease still treated with expensive compounds that present severe side effects, and are frequently ineffective emphasizing the importance to search effective compounds against this disease. Miltefosine drug (HePC) that used as antitumor agent has been used against Leishmania tropica in two forms promastigote and axenic amastigote in vitro conditions. Different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μM) of HePC were performed and exposed to both parasite forms in comparison to sodium stibogluconate (Sb) drug. Parasites viability then was determined using MTT assay after 12, 24, and 48hr of exposure. DNA was extracted from treated and untreated parasites after 48hr of exposure and qualitative analysis of th