Light isotopes, especially closed-shell nuclei, have significance in thermonuclear reactions of the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) cycle in stars. In this research, radiative proton capture of ¹⁵N(p,γ)¹⁶O was calculated using MATLAB codes to find the reaction rate across a temperature range up to 10 GK for the spectrum's non-resonant part, and the astrophysical S- factor S(E) only at low energies (E=70 keV). The findings were compared with conventional reactions before and after statistical analyses, and the results were acceptable when compared to earlier compilations and reference libraries. For temperatures 0.07 < T₉ < 0.09, current direct data cover 50-90 % of the region under th

Two samples of γ–mesoporous alumina (0.3M/m-Al₂O₃ and 0.5M/m-Al₂O₃) were prepared using the microemulsion method, with aluminium sulphate serving as the alumina precursor. The raw materials for microemulsion are sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the surfactant, 1-butanol as a cosurfactant, and n-hexanol as the oil phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, BJH porosity of the samples, and their N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and AFM techniques were used to characterize these samples. The results show that the two samples have identical phase structures and perfect indexing to the γ-Al₂O₃; the 0.3M/m-Al₂

This research aims to develop an automated system for detecting built-up areas in rural regions, addressing challenges in accurately identifying residential buildings, where the distinction between building surfaces, streets, and unpaved roads, as they exhibit similar brightness levels, is the main obstacle. In this study, we utilized high-resolution RGB satellite images from the World View-2 satellite, which has a spatial resolution of 0.46 m. We developed an automated system for detecting built-up areas. The system extracts 13 discriminative features categorized into pixel-based and area-based metrics to enhance the differentiation between non-built-up buildings and regions. These features include colour-based metrics, such as the aver

Global warming, driven by scientific and technological progress and rising environmental pollution, has intensified the need for alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen. This study focused on designing a hydrogen-hydrogen-oxygen (HHO) cell using primary materials, where stainless steel electrodes (10 cm diameter) were coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via electrochemical deposition. The CNTs were synthesized from potato peel waste, demonstrating an eco-friendly approach to nanomaterial production. Structural and morphological analyses of the CNTs were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming their high surface area and crystalline structure. Th

This work investigates the photon radiation shielding efficiency of selected perovskite ceramics, halide-based double perovskites and organic-inorganic halide perovskites, using computational modeling across the photon energy range 0.015–15 MeV. The investigated parameters are Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Layer (TVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP). The results are based on the total interaction cross section contributions of photon-matter interactions. They reveal that the shielding efficiency of these materials is strongly influenced by their elemental composition, density, and photon energy. Two software tools, Phy-X/PSD and NGCal, were employed in the study t

Ion engines, also known as plasma engines, are a pioneering space propulsion technology that is constantly being developed. In this work, a static magnetic field is used in a cylindrical engine that is placed inside a vacuum chamber under a pressure of 0.2 mbar and uses argon gas with an applied voltage of 5 kV and an engine power supply of 25-100 watts. The shape and intensity of the magnetic field determine the discharge performance of the ion thruster. A cylindrical ion engine was constructed with dimensions 5, 5.5, and 0.7 cm in length, width, and thickness, respectively. The coil of the ion engine generates a static magnetic field of 9 and 25 mT. This system was used to study the effect of the magnetic field on the ionization rate a

This study involved the preparation of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) from basic materials and elements, namely aluminum flakes (pure and impure), by dissolving them in hydrochloric acid diluted to 50%. The flakes were added gradually to ensure the formation of a PAC solution with high specifications and efficiency in treating turbid water and forming heavy flocs as one of the important applications for removing turbidity and some elements from drinking water and wastewater. This method was verified using a turbidity meter and the application mechanism using a jar-test apparatus. The analyses showed that the efficiency and sedimentation speed reached 95% for high turbidity levels and 98% for low turbidity levels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) ana

Pure polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers were doped with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the electrospinning technique. The characteristics of both nanofibers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-visible properties. The structure of PVP-Au was amorphous, as revealed by XRD. A DC voltage of 20 kV was applied to Au-PVP nanofiber beads on glass substrates and silicon wafers of n-Si type, oriented (111), at room temperature. The effect of doping on some physical properties (structural, optical, electrical, and sensitivity) of the polymer material was studied. The physical properties of the material composite film fibres were studied as th

In this research, the dynamics of double-head streamer discharge initiation, propagation, interaction and breakdown in the air under different pressure values were presented. The double-head streamer discharge dynamics were analysed within a plane-to-plane electrode configuration. That was done through many aspects proposed, such as electron density, electric field, space charge density and streamer propagation speed. The simulation performed using ‘COMSOL Multiphysics’ is based on the finite element method and was carried out with the fluid model. The fluid model describes the movement of particle concentrations using partial differential equations (PDEs) together with Poisson’s equation; Poisson's equati

The expansion of building blocks at the expense of agricultural land is one of the main problems causing climate change within the urban area of a city. The research came to determine these indicators, as a study was conducted on the expansion of the building blocks in three municipalities in the city of Baghdad for a period of four decades extended in the form of time cycles for the period (1981-2021) and using ArcMap GIS 10.7 technology. Then, the impact of this expansion on temperature rates was evaluated, as they are the most important climatic elements due to their significant effect on the rest of the elements. The results showed a clear, direct relationship between the increase in urban expansion rates and the corresponding rise i

In this study, one-dimensional non-linear Klein-Gordon equations are solved by applying the integral transform known as the Rohit transform method. The approximate solutions of one-dimensional non-linear Klein- Gordon equations are obtained by combining the Adomian polynomials with the Rohit transform. To show the effectiveness and performance of the Rohit transform method, five one-dimensional non-linear Klein- Gordon type equations are considered and solved. The graphs of the solutions obtained are plotted to indicate the generality and clarity of the proposed method. It can be easily verified that the proposed method yielded the results that satisfy their corresponding non-linear Klein-Gordon equations. The integral Rohit transform co

Exploding wire Technique is a way for production metal and its compound nanoparticle that is capable of production of bulk amount at low cost semiconductor. In this work a copper iodine nanoparticles were fabricate by exploding copper wires with different currents in iodine solution. The produced samples were examined by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM to characterize their properties. The XRD proved the Nano-size for producer. The crystalline size increases with increasing current. FTIR measurements show a peaks located at 638.92 for Cu-I stretch bond indicate on formation of copper iodide compound and the peaks intensities increase with increasing current. The SEM and TEM measurements show that the thin films have nanostructures.

Tin dioxide doped silver oxide thin films with different x content (0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) have been prepared by pulse laser deposition technique (PLD) at room temperatures (RT). The effect of doping concentration on the structural and electrical properties of the films were studied. Atomic Force Measurement (AFM) measurements found that the average value of grain size for all films at RT decrease with increasing of AgO content. While an average roughness values increase with increasing x content. The electrical properties of these films were studied with different x content. The D.C conductivity for all films increases with increasing x content. Also, it found that activation energies decrease with increasing of AgO content for all films.

The Neutron Fermi Age, t, and the neutron slowing down density,   q (r, t) , have been measured for some materials such as Graphite and Iron by using gamma spectrometry system UCS-30 with NaI (Tl) detector. This technique was applied for Graphite and Iron materials by using Indium foils covered by Cadmium and the measurements done at the Indium resonance of 1.46 eV. These materials are exposed to a plane ²⁴¹Am/Be neutron source with recent activity 38 mCi. The measurements of the Fermi Age were found to be t = 297 ± 21 cm² for Graphite, t = 400 ± 28 cm² for Iron. Neutron slowing down density was also calculated depending on the recent experimental t value and distance.

توجد هناك العدید من التطبیقات الهولوغ ا رمیة الحاسوبیة من بینها إنتاج عناصر ضوئیة هولوغ ا رمیة
حیث عن طریقها یمكن إنتاج جبهة أي موجة مرغوبة فیها، حیث (Grating) حاسوبیة والمتمثلة بالمحز ا زت
في .(Binary Synthetic Hologram) اعُتمِدَ في صناعتها على تقنیة الهولوغ ا رمات المصطنعة الثنائیة
وجبهة (Spherical Wavefront) هذا البحث تم بناء محزز هولوغ ا رمي لانتاج جبهة الموجة الكرویة
وهذه الموجات المذكورة سابقاً تم إعادة بنائُها بطریقتین،

In this paper a thin films of selenium was prepare on substrates of n-Si by evaporation in a vacuum technique with thickness about 0.5μm. And then an annealing process was done on samples at two temperature (100 and 200) C ° in a vacuum furnace (10^-3 torr).
Some structural, optical and mechanical properties of prepared thin films were measured. Results showed that the prepared film was the crystallization, optical transmittance and micro hardness of the prepared thin films increased significantly after annealing.

In an earlier paper, the basic analytical formula for particle-hole nuclear state densities was derived for non-Equidistant Spacing Model (non-ESM) approach. In this paper, an extension of the former equation was made to include pairing. Also a suggestion was made to derive the exact formula for the particle-hole state densities that depends exactly on Fermi energy and nuclear binding energies. The results indicated that the effects of pairing reduce the state density values, with similar dependence in the ESM system but with less strength. The results of the suggested exact formula indicated some modification from earlier non-ESM approximate treatment, on the cost of more calculation time

This project aimed to calculate the changing of half wave voltage with the
wavelength. In addition to that we calculate the half wave voltage for an Electro-optic
modulator system consist of LiNbO3 crystal using the transverse linear Electro-optic
effect at 0.810m m wavelength.

Alloys of GaxSb1-x system with different Ga concentration (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6) have been prepared in evacuated quartz tubes. The structure of the alloys were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and found to be polycrystalline of zincblend structure with strong crystalline orientation (220). Thin films of GaxSb1-x system of about 1.0 μm thickness have been deposited by flash evaporation method on glass substrate at 473K substrate temperature (Ts) and under pressure 10-6 mbar. This study concentrated on the effect of Ga concentration (x) on some physical properties of GaxSb1-x thin films such as structural and optical properties. The structure of prepared films for various values of x was polycrystalline. The X-ray diffraction analy

I

In this study, optical fibers were designed and implemented as a chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to estimate the age of the oil used in electrical transformers. The study depends on the refractive indices of the oil. The sensor was created by embedding the center portion of the optical fiber in a resin block, followed by polishing, and tapering to create the optical fiber sensor. The tapering time was 50 min. The multi-mode optical fiber was coated with 60 nm thickness gold metal. The deposition length was 4 cm. The sensor's resonance wavelength was 415 nm. The primary sensor parameters were calculated, including sensitivity (6.25), signal-to-noise ratio (2.38), figure of merit (4.88), and accuracy (3.2)

AlO-doped ZnO nanocrystalline thin films from with nano crystallite size in the range (19-15 nm) were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition technique. The reduction of crystallite size by increasing of doping ratio shift the bandgap to IR region the optical band gap decreases in a consistent manner, from 3.21to 2.1 eV by increasing AlO doping ratio from 0 to 7wt% but then returns to grow up to 3.21 eV by a further increase the doping ratio. The bandgap increment obtained for 9% AlO dopant concentration can be clarified in terms of the Burstein–Moss effect whereas the aluminum donor atom increased the carrier's concentration which in turn shifts the Fermi level and widened the bandgap (blue-shift). The engineering of the bandgap by low

The sol-gel preparation technique of transparent silica monoliths containing up to 0.5 M of samarium have been described. The sol-gel processing parameters are: acid catalyzed hydrolysis and controlled drying. The prepared monoliths are analyzed by X-ray diffraction, pycnometer measurements, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The oscillator strengths of the Sm3+ ions in the silica monoliths are calculated. The results show a linear concentration dependence of some Sm3+ transitions in UV/Vis absorption spectra and formation of Sm3+ clusters inside the pores structure of silica monoliths at high Sm3+ concentration

Frustrated Total Internal Reflection FTIR phenomenon is manifested employing Newton‟s rings setup generated via a coherent light beam of a laser diode ( . All concentric bright and dark rings, except the central bright spot, were noticed to recede (disappear) when the incident angle exceeded the critical angle of 41o.
It was also shown that the current setup has proven its applicability for other tests and can give convenient results that conform with theory. Neither the concept nor the design is beyond what can be realized in an undergraduate laboratory. However, technical improvements in mounting the prism - lens may be advisable. As an extension of the experiments, the effect can be studied using hollow prism filled with liquids

The purpose of this study was to find out the connection between the water parameters that were examined in the laboratory and the water index acquired from the examination of the satellite image of the study area. This was accomplished by analysing the Landsat-8 satellite picture results as well as the geographic information system (GIS). The primary goal of this study is to develop a model for the chemical and physical characteristics of the Al-Abbasia River in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The water parameters employed in this investigation are as follows: (PH, EC, TDS, TSS, Na, Mg, K, SO₄, Cl, and NO₃). To collect the samples, ten sampling locations were identified, and the satellite image was obtained on the

In this work Different weight of pure Zinc powder suspended particles in 4ml base engine Oil were used.
Intensity of Kα Line was measured for the suspended particles ,also for mixture which consist from Zinc particle blended with Engine base Oil. Calibration Curve was drawn between Ikα line Intensity and Zinc concentration at different operation condition. The Lower Limit detection (LLD) and Sensitivity (m) of Spectrometer were determined for different Zinc Concentration (Wt%). The results of LLD and m for Samples were analyzed at Operation Condition of 30KV,17mA is best from Samples were analyzed at Operation Condition of 25KV,15mA

At thermal energies near stellar conditions, nuclear reactions are sensitive to resonance strengths of the nuclear reaction cross-section. In this paper, the resonance strengths of  nuclear reaction were evaluated numerically by means of nuclear reaction rate calculations using a written Matlab code, at the energies of interest in stellar nuclear reactions. The results were compared with standard reaction before and after application of a statistical analyses, to select the best parameters that made theoretical results as close as possible to the standard values. Fitting was made for different temperature ranges up to 10 GK, 0.6 GK and 0.25 GK. The evaluated results showed that as the temperature range becomes narrower, more error is ad

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were created using two different preparation methods: chemical precipitation and the green method using the leaves of Ficus carica extract. The nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Analytical techniques such as XRD were applied to verify the crystallinity of ZnO NPs as well as used to calculate the crystal size for the prepared samples. The XRD pattern exhibited a hexagonal structure, and the mean diameter of the crystal size for ZnO NPs prepared by chemical precipitation was 27.44 and 33nm for ZnO NPs prepared by the biological method. Nanoparticles of Zn

The OI-LED device was created through the utilization of a blend of organic and inorganic semiconductors arranged in multiple layers. This has led to an enhanced generation of electroluminescence (EL) by integrating Carbon Nanoparticles (CNp) (sized between 20-40 nm) into materials like poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4′-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine)] (TFB and Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (Alq3). The manufacturing procedure included the application of the spin coating method and phase segregation technique, resulting in a thin film structure: (ITO/TFB/CNp/Alq3/AL). The electroluminescent characteristics of the OI-LED were analyzed by assessing the variations induced by different bias voltages (8, 9, and 10V) and

This study evaluated the relationship between the blood glucose level, maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and 18F-FDG uptake in tissues at normal and tumour organs with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations. On the morning of the procedure, finger-stick fasting blood glucose is routinely assessed. The study looked at the SUVmax in the liver and bone of 200 people with F-FDG PET/CT scans for tumors and healthy organs¹⁸. The study formed three groups of patients based on their serum glucose levels. The study retrospectively examined the relationship between glucose levels and standardized uptake values. The mean liver and bone SUV_max gradually decreased as blood glucose levels