The removal of phenol from wastewater has become a significant environmental concern because of its toxicity, even at low concentrations. This research focuses on the removal of phenol using spent tea leaves (STLs) as an adsorbent. SEM and FTIR tests were used to evaluate the surface characterization of the STLs. The effect of the parameters such as initial phenol concentration (20 - 80 mg. L^-1), pH (3 - 12), temperature (25 - 55 °C), contact period (30-330 min), and dose (0.25 - 2.5) on the removal of phenol was studied. The highest removal of phenol of 82% was obtained at 20 mg. L^-1 of initial phenol concentration, 4 h of the contact period, pH of 3, adsorbent dose of 2 g, and temperature of 55 °C. The results o

Gas lift is one of the most common artificial lift methods which is effectively utilized in the oil industry for enhancing production. However, proper gas allocation into wells can be challenging due to various limitations such as shortage in injected gas and economic considerations. Therefore, the current research is conducted to address the critical requirement to effectively distribute gas to maximize profits in the Halfaya Oil Field- Mishrif formation. Continuous gas lift is one of the most commonly used artificial lift methods. To enhance production rate, a sufficient amount of gas is injected into the production tubing at specific depths to reduce the liquid column pressure as each well has an optimal point for production in an oil

   CO₂-based acidizing provides a corrosion-resistant alternative to potent mineral acids in carbonate reservoirs by producing carbonic acid in situ. This method synchronizes stimulation procedures with carbon-management objectives while minimizing the necessity for comprehensive corrosion-inhibitor systems. This review assesses six categories of chemical additives—amines, inorganic salts, inorganic bases, metal-oxide nanoparticles, biological macromolecules, and natural biopolymers—emphasizing their effects on CO₂ absorption, pH buffering, and wormhole morphology at reservoir-relevant temperatures and salinities. Experimental findings indicate that specific formulations can achieve CO₂ absorption levels reaching

A scalable method of oxalate co-precipitation was used to prepare magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The precipitant used was oxalic acid and the source of soluble magnesium was magnesium sulfate.  Highly crystalline MgO nanoparticles prepared by calcining at 700  were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microcopy Analysis (AFM). The (MgO) nanoparticles were employed to investigate the adsorption performance of Methyl Violet (MV) dye from aqueous solutions under different conditions, i.e., contact time, pH, dye concentration and temperature.  Maximum adsorption (96%) was obtained at time (60 min.), pH 6, at (20  ) and adsorbent dosage (0.05 g

   This work aims to study the kinetics of heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process used to treat petroleum refinery wastewater by a catalyst made of an activated carbon loaded with iron and cerium. Effects of HEF operating variables such as current density, dose of catalyst, and pH on the removal of COD and reaction rate constant (k_app) were examined. Results showed that decline of COD with time at different operating conditions obeys a pseudo-first-order kinetics with a regression fitting (R²) not less than 0.97. Furthermore, increasing the current density was found to give higher rate of COD removal and k_app to a limit beyond which no longer enhancement can be achieved. Similar behaviour regarding

   It is challenging to remove antibiotics from water bodies, as they are among the most widespread contaminants in the environment, particularly with conventional wastewater treatment methods, due to their persistence and low biodegradability. The current study examined the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron to remove antibiotics. Conocarpus leaf extract, which is primarily composed of polyphenols like flavonoids and tannins, was employed as a green source to prepare Fe/Cu nanoparticles, which can act as an eco-friendly reducing agent. The nanoparticles were immobilized onto silica sand (SS), forming SS-Fe/Cu nanocomposite to remove tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solutions. The structural characteristics of th

Lead (II) pollution from the various industries is a serious environmental problem that requires urgent attention due to its stability and non-biodegradability. Current research addresses the development of a natural polymer's chemical structure to produce an absorbent nanocomposite for lead removal. This development relied on the available functional groups (amino-NH₂ and hydroxyl-OH groups) in biopolymers to create adsorbent material through two steps. The first step was chemical bonding of chitosan with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent (CT-GLA) using emulsion cross linking technique, followed by another bonding with a heterogeneous organic compound to provide additional functional groups (CT-GLA-PD). The second step i

   One of the research motivations in the MD field is to develop high-performance membranes by preparing hydrophobic membranes due to their high throughput and rejection. The current work focuses on the fabrication and performance evaluation of electrospun nanofiber membranes using recycled acrylic (Polymethyl Methacrylate) (RA) via air gap membrane distillation (AGMD). Recycling this material not only reduces plastic waste and pollution, but it also offers a low-cost alternative to virgin polymers, which aids in membrane fabrication. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed a uniform, highly porous nanofibrous structure with interconnected pores in the prepared nanofiber membranes. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed

      The current study objective is to synthesize activated carbon (AC) from compressed wood using the ZnCl2 activating agent and to assess the ciprofloxacin (CIP) elimination efficiency in simulated wastewater. The produced AC was characterized using multiple techniques, including SEM, BET, FTIR, AFM, and XRD. The adsorbent demonstrates high adsorption performance, achieving 91% removal of CIP within 5 hours at an initial pollutant concentration of 100 mg/L with an AC dose of 2 g/L. Experimental data correspond to the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.995) as well as the Langmuir competitive fitting (R² = 0.99), while the root mean square error (RMSE) equation best fits the Langmuir model. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order model

   Use of electrodes that provide a high surface area for reaction, such as Nickel foam and Carbon Fiber Felt, has proven highly efficient in treating wastewater. In this study, a mixture of dyes (Eosin Y, Methylene Blue, and Methylene Violet) was treated using Ni foam as a cathode and carbon fiber felt as an anode in the Electro-Fenton process, relying on iron waste, such as iron filings, as the catalyst source. The analysis characterization of electrodes and iron filings was determined by Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The results showed high efficiency in decomposing the dye mixture. The highest Re % 96.4591 which attained after accomplishing the experiments based on Response Surface Meth

Carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) is one of the best commercial carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, enhancing oil recovery and achieving safe geological storage. However, data density and computational costs hinder conventional reservoir simulations. This research presents a multi-output machine learning model to simultaneously predict both incremental oil production and CO₂ storage volume. A selected global dataset of 173 projects was compiled, preprocessed, and optimized. Among the evaluated algorithms (random forest, gradient boosting, and random forest chain), gradient boosting achieved the best predictive performance, with a weighted coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.722. Model analys

      Geological CO₂ sequestration is a widely accepted technique that consists of safely and securely hiding carbon emissions from human activities by storing them underground. It is considered the main method of carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration because of its large-scale application. Use of Downhole Water Sink (DWS) systems and other advanced reservoir control technologies is driven by the necessity to manage effectively the reservoir pressure change, the CO₂ plume migration, and the leakage pathways. The effectiveness of the DWS technology in providing better CO₂ storage performance in a depleted reservoir surrounded by a saline aquifer has been the focus of this research. The study analyzed three operational scen

   Accurate prediction of dew-point pressure (DPP) is essential for the development and production management of gas condensate reservoirs; however, existing empirical correlations and standalone machine learning models often suffer from limited generalization and sensitivity to data variability. This study addresses this gap by developing and comparing a nonlinear multiple regression (NLMR) correlation and a hybrid particle swarm optimized neural network (PSONN) model using a large and diverse dataset of 880 experimental samples collected from published literature and Middle East reservoirs. The PSONN model was selected due to its capability to overcome neural network limitations such as slow convergence by optimizing network weights

The article investigated the effectiveness of removal (R%) of a batch study in the removal of lead (II) ions from synthetic aqueous water. A number of experiments were performed to determine the optimal parameters for the maximum removal procedure by using commercial activated carbon. The primary process variables studied included initial lead (II) ions concentration (pb (II)), pH, adsorbent particle size, dosage of adsorbent, and adsorption time.

   The maximum removal occurred at an initial pb (II) ions concentration of 10 ppm, a pH of 5, an adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g with a particle size of 75 µm, and an adsorption time of 75 min. This research employed isotherm models to determine how the system reached a stable state. Lan

   The Sadi reservoir is one of the largest and most important unconventional tight oil reservoirs in southern Iraq. However, it suffers from low production rates, necessitating many development strategies that require a correct and reliable characterization of reservoir fluid properties. Whilst these properties are originally obtained from laboratory experiments, measurement errors often occur despite rigorous workflows, which negatively affect the calculation of reservoir fluid properties. This study utilizes the fluid thermodynamics characterization program (PVTp) to generate a reliable model for determining the oil properties of Sadi reservoir. A methodology was developed to simulate fluid thermodynamic tests, including Differentia

Phenylthiourea  (PHTU),was  tested  as  inhibitor for  the  corrosion  of  low  carbon  steel  in different  HCI  acid concentration by mass loss ,and polarization measurements .it was found that (PHTU) is a good inhibitor for the corrosion of low carbon steel in 1,3,and 5N HCI solution ,and its inhibition efficiency (0) increases with its concentration and attains approximately 97% at l g/I .polarization curves indicate that (PHTU) acts as an anodic type inhibitor .the inhibitor was adsorbed on the low carbon steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Results show that the rate of corrosion of low carbon steel increased with increasing temperature o

An investigation was conducted to study the concentration of hydrogen peroxide by vacuum distillation. The effect of the process variables (such as vacuum pressure, reflux ratio, time of distillation, and packing height of the column used in the distillation process) on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. During the third stage of distillation (95 wt.%) concentration was obtained.

Box-Wilson central composite rotatable design is used to design the experimental work for the mentioned variables. It was found that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases with Increasing vacuum pressure, decreasing reflux ratio, increasing the time of distillation and increasing the packing height.

The second ord

The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of various reaction parameters on wastewater taken from Al-Wathba water treatment plant on Tigris River in south of Baghdad, Iraq with sodium hypochlorite solution. The parameters studied were sodium hypochlorite dose, contact time, initial fecal coliform bacteria concentration, temperature, and pH. In a batch reactor, different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution were used to disinfect 1L of water. The amount of hypochlorite ions in disinfected water was measured using an Iodimetry test for different reaction times, whereas the Most Probable Number (MPN) test was used to determine the concentration of coliform bacteria. Total Plate Count (TPC) was utilized in this study to

Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable. Dyes represent one of the problematic groups. The removal of methyl green from waste water using bamboo was studied in batch and continuous system. In batch system equilibrium time and adsorption isotherm was studied at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm) and 50 mg weight of adsorbent.
Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied for adsorption isotherm data. Langmiur equation was fitted better than Freundlich equation (R2=0.984 for Langmuir equation).The maximum percentage dye removal obtained 79.4% and adsorption capacity was 15.5 mg/g. For continuous system the breakthr

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different inhibitors on the corrosion rate of aluminum in 50% (v/v) ethylene glycol solution at 80°C and pH 8.0 in which the electrochemical technique of linear sweep voltammetry was employed to characterize each inhibitor function and to calculate the corrosion rate from Tafel plots generated by a computer assisted  potentiostat.

It is found that both sodium dichromate and borax reduces the corrosion rate by polarizing the anodic polarization curve while sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and sodium benzoate reduces the corrosion rate by polarizing both the anodic and cathodic  polarization curve.

When inhibitor concentration increases from I g/l up

The esterification of oleic acid with 2-ethylhexanol in presence of sulfuric acid  as homogeneous catalyst was investigated in this work to produce 2-ethylhexyl oleate (biodiesel) by using semi batch reactive distillation. The effect of reaction temperature (100 to 130°C), 2-ethylhexanol:oleic acid molar ratio (1:1 to 1:3) and catalysts concentration (0.2 to 1wt%) were studied. Higher conversion of 97% was achieved with operating conditions of reaction temperature of 130°C, molar ratio of free fatty acid to alcohol of 1:2 and catalyst concentration of 1wt%. A simulation was adopted from basic principles of the reactive distillation using MATLAB to describe the process. Good agreement was achieved.

Zeolite Y nanoparticles were synthesized by sol - gel method. Dffirent samples using two silica sources were prepared.
Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) (48% silica) and silicic acid silica (H2SiO3) (75% silica) were employed as silica
source and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3.9H2O) was the aluminum source with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide
(TPAOH) as templating agent.
The synihesized-samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, showed the requirement of diffirent aging time for
complete crystallization to be achieved. Transmission Electronic Microscope (TEM) images, showed the particles were
in the same range of 30 - 75 nm. FT-IR spectroscory, showed the synthesized samples having the zeolite Y crystal
properties. The i

The preparation of low cost activated carbon from date stones and microwave method by using K₂CO₃ as chemical activator were investigated.

   The prepared activated carbon was used to remove fluoroquinolones antibiotics from aqueous solution. The characterizations of the activated carbon is represented by surface area, pore volume, ash content, moisture content, bulk density, and iodine number. The adsorbed fluoroquinolones antibiotics are Ciprofloxcin (CIP), Norfloxcin (NOR) and Levofloxcin (LEVO). Different variables as pH, initial concentrations and contact time were studied to show the efficieny of prepared activated carbon. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed by Lungmuir, Freundlich