It is challenging to remove antibiotics from water bodies, as they are among the most widespread contaminants in the environment, particularly with conventional wastewater treatment methods, due to their persistence and low biodegradability. The current study examined the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron to remove antibiotics. Conocarpus leaf extract, which is primarily composed of polyphenols like flavonoids and tannins, was employed as a green source to prepare Fe/Cu nanoparticles, which can act as an eco-friendly reducing agent. The nanoparticles were immobilized onto silica sand (SS), forming SS-Fe/Cu nanocomposite to remove tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solutions. The structural characteristics of the produced nanocomposite were examined using a number of analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, TGA, and DSC. The structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of the SS–Fe/Cu nanocomposite, with well-dispersed nanoparticles (FE-SEM/TEM), characteristic functional groups (FTIR), crystalline structure (XRD), surface area enhancement (BET), elemental composition (EDS), and good thermal stability (TGA/DSC).  Studies were conducted through batch experiments, and the influence of various variables (contact time, pH, agitation speed, nanocomposite dosage, and initial pollutant concentration (C_o)) was investigated. The maximum removal efficiencies of 93% and 85% were achieved for TC and CIP, respectively, under ideal conditions: time = 90 min, pH of 11 for TC and 7 for CIP, agitation speed = 200 rpm, C_o = 10 mg/L, and nanocomposite dosage of 1 g/50 mL. Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption of both TC and CIP followed the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating chemisorption as the main mechanism. Thermodynamic results revealed that TC adsorption was endothermic and non-spontaneous (positive ΔS°), while CIP adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous (negative ΔS°), confirming the efficiency of the SS–Fe/Cu nanocomposite. The results revealed that the green-fabricated SS-Fe/Cu nanocomposite could be used as an efficient agent for extracting TC and CIP from aqueous solutions.