جاء البحث متكوناً من أربعة فصول مع قائمة بالمصادر كالآتي : حيث يتناول الفصل الأول الإطار المنهجي للبحث ، إذ يبدأ بعرض مشكلة البحث التي تلقي الضوء على آلة العود التي يرجع تاريخ ضهورها في الحياة الموسيقية إلى العصر الأكدي ، في العراق القديم ، ثم أنتقلت لاحقاً إلى الأقطار المجاورة والقريبة في عصور ما قبل الإسلام . وفي العصور الإسلامية المتتالية أزدهر الفن الموسيقي ، وبخاصة في العصر العباسي ، وعلى نحو خاص في مدينة بغداد ، وكان العود هو الآلة الأكثر تداولاً من قبل العازفين والمغنين والملحنين ، والتي أستعملها منظري الموسيقى في شرح النظريات الموسيقية ، حيث تناول الفلاسفة كل من الكندي ، والفارابي ، وابن سينا ، والأرموي في مؤلفاتهم مواضع الأصابع ( Positions ) في العزف على آلة العود ، ومن خلال إطلاع الباحث على المصادر والبحوث التي كُتبت حول نظريات الموسيقى وتاريخها لم يجد الباحث دراسة أختصت بتفسير ما جاء عند الفلاسفة العرب وغير العرب ، في العصر العباسي ، حول مواضع الأصابع في العزف على آلة العود بحسب التدوين الموسيقي الحديث ، ومن هذا المنطلق تبلورت لدى الباحث القناعة بأن هناك حاجة ماسة لإجراء دراسة علمية وتحليلة عن ( مواضع الأصابع في العزف على آلة العود في النظرية الموسيقية العربية ) . ثم بين الباحث أهمية بحثه ، أما الهدف فتحدد بالكشف عن استخدام مواضع الأصابع على آلة العود وضمن تسلسل الأصابع المنهجي في النظرية الموسيقية العربية في العصر العباسي عند كل من الكندي والفارابي وابن سينا والأرموي ، ثم وضح الباحث حدود بحثه وتعريف المصطلحات . أما الفصل الثاني فتضمن الإطار النظري وما أسفر عنه ، تكون الإطار النظري من مبحثين ، جاء في المبحث الأول منه تاريخ آلة العود منذ ظهورها في العراق القديم (العصر الأكدي ) ، ثم أهمية ابتكار آلة العود في العراق القديم ، وتطرق الباحث في هذا المبحث إلى آلة العود في العصر الجاهلي ، وضم المبحث أيضاً موضوع آلة العود في العصور الإسلامية المتتالية . وفي المبحث الثاني تناول الباحث مواضع أصابع اليد العازفة على زند ( عنق ) آلة العود عند كل من الكندي والفارابي وابن سينا والأرموي ، ثم خرج بما أسفر عنه الإطار النظري . وأحتوى الفصل الثالث على إجراءات البحث ، إذ حدد فيه الباحث المنهج الذي أتبعه في هذا البحث ، ومجتمع بحثه ، ومن ثم مرجلة جمع المعلومات . وقد تضمن هذا الفصل تحليل محتوى نظريات الفلاسفة حول مواضع الأصابع ( Positions ) على أوتار آلة العود التي عرضت في الفصل الثاني ( الإطار النظري ) . وفي الفصل الرابع خرج الباحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات محققاً بذلك هدف بحثه وبعدها وضح الباحث التوصيات والمقترحات ، وجاء بعدها قائمة بالمصادر ، وأخيراً مستخلص البحث باللغة الانكليزية .
Chaotic features of nuclear energy spectrum in 68Ge nucleus are investigated by nuclear shell model. The energies are calculated through doing shell model calculations employing the OXBASH computer code with effective interaction of F5PVH. The 68Ge nucleus is supposed to have an inert core of 56Ni with 12 nucleons (4 protons and 8 neutrons) move in the f5p-model space ( and ). The nuclear level density of considered classes of states is seen to have a Gaussian form, which is in accord with the prediction of other theoretical studies. The statistical fluctuations of the energy spectrum (the level spacing P(s) and the Dyson-Mehta (or statistics) are well described by the Gaussian orthogonal ens
... Show MoreThis study sought to understand how critical cultural awareness was in translating English idioms into Arabic, particularly in political news where clarity and precision are paramount. The challenges that arise from the linguistic and cultural disparities between the two languages include differences in metaphor, image, and cultural reference. The study demonstrates, through the lens of Skopos Theory, how efficient translation relies on the function and intent of the text taking precedence over word-for-word equivalence and cultural context. Overall, the study establishes the need to transform idioms so that they better align with what is appropriate given the expectations of the audience. The results highlight the importance of inn
... Show MoreIn the present work a theoretical analysis depending on the new higher order . element in shear deformation theory for simply supported cross-ply laminated plate is developed. The new displacement field of the middle surface expanded as a combination of exponential and trigonometric function of thickness coordinate with the transverse displacement taken to be constant through the thickness. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution method to obtain the deflection and stresses under uniform sinusoidal load. The effect of many design parameters such as number of laminates, aspect ratio and thickness ratio on static behavior of the laminated composite plate has been studied. The
... Show MoreThis study aims to examine the main features of the new trends in agenda studies using the secondary analytic approach in analyzing the newest studies in agenda-setting issues from 2007 till 2017, in addition to the quantitative approach.
The researcher has analyzed 110 studies -75 foreign and 35 Arabic - to determine, describe and evaluate the key research trends which came in Arabic and foreign agenda-setting studies. The results confirmed that studies of the agenda theory are increasing steadily worldwide with diversity in the theoretical trends and used research tools. In addition, primary studies focus on content analysis and the survey approach (method). Also, most Arabic agenda-setting studies used the traditional methods and k
Natural frequency under initial stresses for simply supported cross-ply composite laminated plates (E glass- fiber) are obtained using Refind theory (RPT). This theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strain through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The governing equations for Eigen value problem under initial stress are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution for simply supported cross-ply symmetric and antisymmetric laminated plates. The effect of many design factors such as modulus ratio, thickness ratio and number of laminates on the Natural frequency and buckling stresses
... Show MoreThe combination of wavelet theory and neural networks has lead to the development of wavelet networks. Wavelet networks are feed-forward neural networks using wavelets as activation function. Wavelets networks have been used in classification and identification problems with some success.
In this work we proposed a fuzzy wavenet network (FWN), which learns by common back-propagation algorithm to classify medical images. The library of medical image has been analyzed, first. Second, Two experimental tables’ rules provide an excellent opportunity to test the ability of fuzzy wavenet network due to the high level of information variability often experienced with this type of images.
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The article critically analyzes traditional translation models. The most influential models of translation in the second half of the 20th century have been mentioned, among which the theory of formal and dynamic equivalence, the theory of regular correspondences, informative, situational-denotative, functional-pragmatic theory of communication levels have been considered. The selected models have been analyzed from the point of view of the universality of their use for different types and types of translation, as well as the ability to comprehend the deep links established between the original and the translation.
Аннотация
This study aims to apply the theory of "Text from Text and the Plus Dimension" in the analysis of the Prophetic discourse found in the section on the virtues of knowledge and scholars from Imam Sahih al-Bukhari's book. This section covers several topics, including the virtue of gathering for the sake of learning, the superiority of a scholar over a worshipper, the excellence of jurisprudence in the religion of Allah, the acquisition of knowledge through the passing away of scholars, the merit of inviting people to Allah, the continuing benefit of beneficial knowledge after a scholar's demise, the warning against seeking knowledge for purposes other than Allah, and the Prophet seeking refuge from knowledge tha
... Show MoreThe aim of the current research is to reveal the effect of using brain-based learning theory strategies on the achievement of Art Education students in the subject of Teaching Methods. The experimental design with two equal experimental and control groups was used. The experimental design with two independent and equal groups was used, and the total of the research sample was (60) male and female students, (30) male and female students represented the experimental group, and (30) male and female students represented the control group. The researcher prepared the research tool represented by the cognitive achievement test consisting of (20) questions, and it was characterized by honesty and reliability, and the experiment lasted (6) weeks
... Show MoreThis paper presents an application of a Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory (HOST 12) to problem
of free vibration of simply supported symmetric and antisymmetric angle-ply composite laminated plates.
The theoretical model HOST12 presented incorporates laminate deformations which account for the effects
of transverse shear deformation, transverse normal strain/stress and a nonlinear variation of in-plane
displacements with respect to the thickness coordinate – thus modeling the warping of transverse crosssections more accurately and eliminating the need for shear correction coefficients. Solutions are obtained in
closed-form using Navier’s technique by solving the eigenvalue equation. Plates with varying number of