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Comparative Study between Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Electroplating Wastewater
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The present work aimed to study the efficiency of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for water recovery from electroplating wastewater and study the factors affecting the performance of two membrane processes. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are made from polyamide as spiral wound module. The inorganic materials ZnCl2, CuCl2.2H2O, NiCl2.6H2O and CrCl3.6H2O were used as feed solutions. The operating parameters studied were: operating time, feed concentrations for heavy metal ions, operating pressure, feed flow rate, feed temperature and feed pH. The experimental results showed, the permeate concentration increased and water flux decreased with increase in time from 0 to 70 min. The permeate concentrations increased and flux decreased with increase in feed concentrations from 10 to 300 mg/l. Raising of pressure from 1 to 4 bar, permeate concentration decreased for RO, for NF decreased and then increased at high pressure and increase the flux. The rises of flow rate from 20 to 50 l/h decreased permeate concentration and the flux increase. The rises of temperature from 26 to 40 °C, increased permeate concentration and increased the flux. The rise in pH from 4 to 7, decreased the flux as the pH goes from acidic side towards alkaline. The polyamide nanofiltration membrane had allowed permeation of chromium and copper ions to lower than permissible limits. Nanofiltration membrane had allowed permeation of nickel and zinc ions at low concentration of these ions. The polyamide RO membrane gave a high efficiency for removal of chromium, copper, nickel and zinc and it had allowed permeation of these ions to the lower than permissible limits. The rejection at first three minutes when the feed concentration approximately was constant for chromium in NF and RO, was 99.7% and 99.93%, for copper was 98.43% and 99.33%, for zinc was 97.96% and 99.49%, and for nickel was 97.18% and 99.49% respectively. The maximum recovery for chromium in NF and RO was 71.75% and 48.5%, for copper was 75.62% and 50.68%, for zinc was 80.87% and 54.56%, for nickel was 60.06% and 46.18% respectively. For a mixture of synthetic electroplating wastewater, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes have a high rejection percentage for heavy metal ions. It was obtained pure water and concentrations of less than allowable limits for heavy metals in the case of the mixture.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqi Translators Association Translation And Linguistics
COMPARISON OF THE IDEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR IN REPORTS FROM NEWS CHANNELS CNN AND RT
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This study conducts a systematic comparative critical discourse analysis of news reports from prominent American (CNN) and Russian (RT) media sources covering the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Utilizing the theoretical frameworks of Norman Fairclough's multidimensional model and Teun van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach, the research examines the underlying ideological assumptions and discursive strategies employed by the two contrasting news channels. Quantitative analysis of discursive techniques and linguistic features provides insights into how each channel selectively utilizes language to convey distinct ideological positions. The findings demonstrate how media discourse constructs and normalizes particular ideological representations of pol

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity Study Via some new Schiff bases for Trimethoprim
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This search reports the synthesis of some new series of Schiff base compounds for trimetheprim derivatives which known high been known as a medicinal effectiveness. Trimetheprim was condensed with several substituted aldehydes compounds.(4-dimethyl amine benzaldehyde , propanal , salicaldehyde, 2.4 dimethoxy benzaldehyde and 4- methyl benzaldehyde) to obtain Schiff base products(1a-5a) and several substituted ketones compound (4-aminoacetophenone,4-chloroacetophenone, isobutyleketone, acetylacetone and acetophenone) to obtain Schiff base products(6b-10b) in ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to yield the Schiff base. The structure of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their Chemical

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Reflective Mercifulness and its Implications for Social Cohesion / field study in Baghdad Governorate
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Mercifulness is a trait of civilization, humanity, and a moral value in society, because it has an impact on social life and its role in spreading interdependence, joint liability, and solidarity among people. Mercifulness means spreading mercy, synergy, sympathy, and cooperation. Generally, a society that enjoys strong ties tends to have a kind of stability and development, as well as, is able to face the economic, political, and security crises. Conversely, a weak society leads to weak social cohesion and weak community infrastructure that is more vulnerable to social, economic, and political instability. Thus, this is the aim of the research that has used a social survey method applied to a sample of respondents who have reached (300)

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Supply Chain Management
The effect of internal training and auditing of auditors on supply chain management: An empirical study in listed companies of Iraqi stock exchange for the period 2012-2015
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Experimental study of temperature effect on the mechanical tensile fatigue of hydrated lime modified asphalt concrete and case application for the analysis of climatic effect on constructed pavement
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Previous experimental studies have suggested that hot mixed asphalt (HMA) concrete using hydrated lime (HL) to partially replace the conventional limestone dust filler at 2.5% by the total weight of all aggregates showed an optimum improvement on several key mechanical properties, fatigue life span and moisture susceptibility. However, so far, the knowledge of the thermal response of the modified asphalt concrete and thermal influence on the durability of the pavement constructed are still relatively limited but important to inform pavement design. This paper, at first, reports an experimental study of the tensile fatigue life of HMA concrete mixes designed for wearing layer application. Tests were conducted under three different temperatur

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Crossref (3)
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences And Applications
Treatment of chronic paronychia: A double blind comparative clinical trial using singly vaseline, nystatin and fucidic acid ointment
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, SA Galib, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2013 - Cited by 4

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Numerical Study for the Tube Rotation Effect on Melting Process in Shell and Tube Latent Heat Energy Storage LHES System
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Although renewable energy systems have become an interesting global issue, it is not continuous either daily or seasonally. Latent heat energy storage (LHES) is one of the suitable solutions for this problem. LHES becomes a basic element in renewable energy systems. LHES compensate for the energy lack when these systems are at low production conditions. The present work considered a shell and tube LHES for numerical investigation of the tube rotation influence on the melting process. The simulation and calculations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. Paraffin wax represents the phase change material (PCM) in this work, while water was selected to be the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The calculations were carried o

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
sybthesis and characterization of oxazepine and oxazepane from reaction
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Schiff bases were prepared prepared Baaan NMR to some elements of which have contributed to the results of different methods in diagnosis prove structural formulas of compounds prepared

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 05 2024
Journal Name
Shifaa
Evaluating alveolar bone thickness in upper and lower incisors from orthodontic perspective. A Cone beam computed tomography-based retrospective study
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Purpose: This study aimed to assess the thickness of alveolar bone of maxillary and mandibular incisors from orthodontics perspective. Materials and Method: A total of 73 Cone beam computed tomography for Iraqi patients (47 females and 26 males) were included in this study. The selected images were captured and imported to AutoCAD database software to perform the measurement. To measure alveolar bone thickness, a reference line was drawn through the long axis of each incisor, from the incisal edge to the root apex. Then, labial and lingual/palatal perpendicular lines were drawn to the reference line at 3, 6, and 9mm apically from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Results: The buccal bone is generally thinner than the lingual/palata

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Crossref (5)
Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
POLITICAL DEBATES AND THEIR ARTISTIC CONSTRUCTION IN IRAQI SATELLITE CHANNELS ( AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ) : (A research drawn from a Master Thesis)
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The problem of research on the study of political debate programs in the Iraqi satellite channels, in the "People decide" program by Afaq channel and " electoral competition " by Fallujah channel), and its importance for the community and researchers in the scientific field, as new programs to enter the Iraqi media after we have been the world media a lot in this area at the academic and practical levels (The field), and seeks to find out what the technical construction of the programs of political debates in Iraqi satellite channels and methods of construction and methods of employment used by the technical elements in the presentation of the programs and The study adopted the surve

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