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Use of immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization (Sish) in evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) status in Iraqi patients with breast cancer
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Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. Amplification or over-expression of the ERBB2 (HER/neu) gene occurs in approximately 15-30% of breast cancer cases and it is strongly associated with an increased disease recurrence and a poor prognosis. Determination of HER2/neu status is crucial in the treatment plan as that positive cases will respond to trastuzumab therapy. It has been used to test for HER2/neu by immunohistochemistry as a first step and then to study only the equivocal positive cases (score 2+) by in situ hybridization technique. The aim of our study is to compare between immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in assessment of human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) receptors status among breast cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at The Medical City in Baghdad, from October 2016 to April 2017, where formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissue from 52 female patients (aged 33 to 71 years) with the diagnosis of breast cancer have been included in this study for the evaluation of human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) protein overexpression and gene amplification by immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) method respectively. Base line data about patients were obtained from their hospital records. The distribution of human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry showed that the (+2) score/equivocally positive were seen in 24 cases, which comprise the largest number of cases in this study (46.15%). Ten cases (19.23%) for each of scores 0/negative and +1/negative were present, while (+3) score/positive was the smallest group with only 8 cases (15.38% of cases). All results of SISH were negative in the category of (0 score/negative). In the contrary, all the 8 cases in (+3 score/positive) category were showing positive SISH results. Category (+1 score/negative) HER2 showed two cases (20%) with a positive SISH result, while that of (+2 score/equivocal positive) showed 8 positive cases (about 33.33%). For the detection of HER2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) are the recommended techniques, with high concordance between the two techniques, however; performance of silver in situ hybridization in assessment of HER2/neu gene status in all cases of invasive breast carcinoma is recommended as significant number of negative cases by immunohistochemistry showed positive amplification by in situ hybridization and can be treated with anti-HER2 targeted treatments.

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 11 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Computed tomographic localization of infraorbital foramen position and correlation with the age and gender of Iraqi subjects
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Background: The Infraorbital foramen is an anatomical structure with an important location in the maxilla, position of foramen in maxillofacial area is necessary in clinical situation requiring regional nerve blocks that are performed in children undergoing facial surgeries to avoid injury to corresponding nerve. The aim of study was to determine the position of the Infraorbital foramen and to correlate Infraorbital foramen position with age and gender using computed tomography. Subjects, Materials, and Methods: The sample consist of prospective study for 50 Iraqi subjects (21 male and 29 female) with age ranged from (5-17) years. The examination was performed on Multi – Slice Spiral Tomography scanner in Al-Karakh General Hospital. Using

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Assessment of Neck Circumference Measurement among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Identifying: Obesity and the Likelihood of Developing Metabolic syndrome.
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Background: Obesity is an evolving major health problem in both developed and developing countries. Traditional obesity indices as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio are well known measures to identify obese subjects, however, neck circumference as an index of upper-body obesity was found to be a simple and time-saving screening measure that can be used to identify obesity and the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
Aim: to investigate the relationship of neck circumference (NC) to obesity and metabolic syndrome in Iraqi subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The study group included 90 type 2 diabetic subjects (48 men and 42 women) aged 30-68 years. The subjects were those w

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relationship between supplier evaluation and family brand strategy Case study in battery factory\ Al-Waziriya
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   The research deals with the relationship between supplier evaluation (single variable) and family brand strategy (single variable) a case study in the battery factory\Al-Waziriya, and the fact that the industrial sector represents a cornerstone for building the country’s economy of and their development. The research has been selected on this basis. The problem stems from the lack of business understanding of the real role played by the assessment of the suppliers' and its strong impact on its reputation and position in the market. The research gains its importance by moving away from traditional marketing style in terms of characteristics related to the resource itself, and the service provided by the factory to c

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Extrapolating working names verb act in the Koran in the books of Iraqi researchers and their theses from 1968-2000 m: (Collection and descriptive study)
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This research deals with an important grammatical section of the Qur'anic grammar, which is the working names the work of acts in the Quranic grammar in the studies of Iraqi researchers from 1968 to 200 AD.
    The study of working names working verb in the Koran of the important studies, especially among Iraqi researchers, the Iraqi researcher has presented detailed studies related to working names particles action verb in the Koran, and my research is studying this important grammatical section of the Koranic grammar, which is the working names working verb in The Holy Quran in the books of Iraqi researchers and their theses from 1968-2000. I studied in the preface working names of the act, and what the Iraqi res

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE SPECIFIC TO USE DESIGNER (QUALITY RESPONSE) DEVICE TO DEVELOP THE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF THE RECEPTION AND PASSING SKILLS OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN AGES (14 YEARS)
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 31 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Humanities, Arts, And Literature
THE PROBLEMS FACING IRAQI CHILDREN IN LEARNING ENGLISH
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DBN Rashid, IMPAT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts, and Literature, 2016 - Cited by 5

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Melody tetrarchords in the Folklore Modern Iraqi songs
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The study aimed .to identify on the melody tetrachords In the Iraqi Folklore song as mall as the melody tetracords is the basic in striation song if Iraqi Folklore so the researchers prepared their researchers from four chapters. In the first chapter of the researchers theoretical framework, included the research problem, which is determined by what is the melody tetra chords in the Iraqi Folklore songs. The research time limits were specific by year (2015-2016) then the first chapter ended with the terms mentioned in the title of research. The second chapter of the theoretical framework, included two subjects the first (Iraqi Folklore song) and the second subject included (melody tetra chords) then the third chapter deals with the resea

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 20 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
Achieving an Iraqi model in contemporary fashion design
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The Iraqi outfit is characterized by special features and identity that are closely related to the traditions, customs, religious and social beliefs and other references of the Iraqi environment and its factors affecting the individual and society. Every place in Iraq has its own uniform, which differs in terms of its artistic, aesthetic and functional components from place to place.

The abaya, especially worn by women, is especially distinct in terms of the design of the uniform, the nature of the cloth made of it, as well as the color of the abaya, which is dominated by black in most designs. The Dar Al-Taros Center and Textile Research initiated the construction of theoretical and practical bases in the design of contemporary

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-adab Journal
The Iraqi countryside in a novel (Exceeded border)
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The novel was generally distinguished from other literary arts in its connection with the living reality as an imaginative practice that relies on political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural references and as a crucial tool in reading cultural references and dive deep into reality. As every novelist has a vision to embody this reality. As every novelist has a vision to embody this reality. The novel of ("Exceeded border by Hammed Al-Kafa’i) is a considered a fertile field for presenting social issues in their apparent structure and revealing the cultural patterns behind them which lies in its deep structure. The novel here moves its characters in its imaginary world in a way that it becomes more capable of adaptation and crysta

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Evaluating Patient Safety Culture in Iraqi Community Pharmacies
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Patient safety is the main issue in health care organization, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality defines it as, “freedom from accidental or preventable injuries produced by medical care. Thus, practices or interventions that improve patient safety are those that reduce the occurrence of preventable adverse events”. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Iraqi pharmacist perception about the culture of patient safety. As well as estimate whether safety is a principal issue in their pharmaceutical practice this study was carried out on 435 pharmacists who are working in community pharmacies in various Iraqi provinces. A survey was distributed via the internet during the period from May to June 2020. A community pharmacy

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