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A cross-sectional analysis of the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in Iraq
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Background

Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant risk to global recovery from COVID-19. To date however, there is little research exploring the psychological factors associated with vaccine acceptability and hesitancy in Iraq.

Aim

To explore attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in Iraq. To establish the predictors of vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in an Iraqi population.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, 7,778 participants completed an online questionnaire exploring their vaccination status, likelihood of infection, perceived severity infection, benefits of vaccine, barriers to vaccine, anticipated regret, subjective norms, and trust in government.

Findings

Vaccination rates increased with age and were greater in males, those who were married, divorced or widowed, those with children and those with underlying conditions. Vaccine hesitancy was widespread with 61.40% of unvaccinated individuals reported an unwillingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In unvaccinated groups, vaccine hesitancy was associated with lower trust in the government, more negative social norms, greater perceived barriers to vaccination and reduced perceived benefits.

Conclusions

There is significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Iraq. Public health institutions should be aware of the influence of demographic factors, as well as personal beliefs and social norms, on individuals’ decisions to vaccinate. Public health messaging should therefore aim to be tailored to address the concerns of citizens.

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Wed Jan 08 2020
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Tue Sep 23 2025
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Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
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Mon Jan 01 2024
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Malaysian Journal Of Nursing
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 29 2023
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Suitable Methods for Solving COVID-19 Model in Iraq
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Sun Apr 27 2025
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Levels of Workplace-Associated Stress and Depression in Iraqi Community Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
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Sun Apr 17 2016
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جلة ابن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفةم
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Thu Jun 30 2022
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 23 2025
Journal Name
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Cranial base morphology in different skeletal classes (A cross-sectional lateral cephalometric study)
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 09 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
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