Despite the global economic downturn, online e-commerce, especially the sale of counterfeit goods, continues to witness a rise in sales, and one of the important players in e-commerce is the owners of e-commerce auction sites. Although they do not have a direct role in trademark infringement, they still consider them indirectly responsible (secondary liability) for infringing on their trademarks. Thus, many cases have been filed by the owners of the original trademarks (which have been infringed by persons who have sold some of the goods and products that are imitating their marks through some electronic auctions) against the owners of those auctions. In view of the international character of the Internet, in different countries, and despite the similarity of the legal facts in those cases, however, the jurisprudence regarding the responsibility of electronic auction owners to contribute to trademark infringement came from one country to another. Indeed, some of the courts have changed their position from one case to another because of their changing views on the facts of those actions and their desire to achieve a fair balance of responsibility between trademark owners and electronic auction holders.
Background: This study was conducted to assess the effects of various beverages on the shear bond strength of light-cured orthodontic composite used to bond stainless steel orthodontic brackets on human teeth and to determine the site of bonding failure of this material. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human premolars were selected and randomly divided into five equal groups each with 10 teeth according to the beverage type (Control, One Tiger, Milk, Green tea and Coffee). After bonding, the teeth were immersed in specific beverages for 5 minutes twice daily with equal intervening intervals then washed and stored in distilled water at 37º C for the reminder of the day. The process was carried out for 30 days. The samples were then
... Show MoreThe term "semantic exchange" was popularized in Arabic, especially in derivatives, grammatical structures, etc., but it came under different names or terms, including deviation, deviation, transition, displacement, tooth breach, replacement, attention, etc. In the rooting of this term through its study in language and terminology, and among linguists, grammar and others, we have reached a number of results, including The existence of a harmonization between the lexical and idiomatic meaning of the term exchange, and the phenomenon of semantic exchange is a form of expansion in language, and that the first language scientists They had turned to this And studied under Cairo for different names, as noted above.
Dans la langue française, une forme d'auxiliarité, composée de deux éléments cohérents l'auxiliant et l'auxilié, fournit, en effet, à la phrase une diversité significative et structurale. L'auxiliarité, renvoie à l'unification de deux éléments grammaticaux afin de localiser l'énoncé sur l'axe du temps, d'aspect ou de mode. É. Benveniste définit l'auxiliarité en : « Il s'agit d'une forme linguistique unitaire qui se réalise, à travers des paradigmes entiers, en deux éléments, dont chacun assume une partie des fonctions grammaticales, et qui sont à la fois liés et autonomes, distincts et complémentaires »[1]. Ces deux éléments d'auxiliarité possèden
... Show MoreImpairment of financial assets defined according to IFRS 9 as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive, the entity should estimates all the cash flows through looking to the contract terms during the life time period of the assets or for shorter period if possible, the cash flow should include the amounts of selling any collateral taken or any other enhancement. On the other hand, the Central bank of Iraq guidelines regards impairment differ from the IFRS 9 that’s does not consider the collateral value on calculating the impairment that’s effects on the net profit through recognizing exaggerated loss an
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The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of N and Nβ -closed sets in terms of neutrosophic topological spaces. Some of its properties are also discussed.
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هدف البحث الى التعرف على العلاقة والاثر بين متغيرات البحث والمتمثلة بأخلاقيات الاعمال بمثابة متغير مستقل بأبعاده ( فريق العمل ، المسؤولية ، السرية ، القواعد والاجراءات الوظيفية ) ومحاسبة المسؤولية بمثابة متغير تابع، ومتغير وسيط هو الثقافة ، تمثل مجتمع البحث بمجموعة من الشركات الصناعية العراقية وتم اخذ عينة قصدية من محاسبي تلك الشركات بلغ عددهم (60) محاسبا حيث تم توزيع الاستبانة عليهم كأداة للبحث وتم تحليلها ب
... Show MoreEnvironmental Tax is deemed as one of the most important tools that can be used to eliminate the problem of oil –based environment pollution resulted out of oil products processes and this has been significantly approved by the experience in those leading countries in the field of protecting the environment against pollution whereas oil-producing countries which are rather awkward in maintaining the environment such as Iraq , suffer from notorious environmental effects pertaining to oil product processes.
The problem of the research is represented the increased and constant rise in the volume of the environmental pollutants resulted from the processes managed by the intern
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تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة مدى اشتراك المكتبات المركزية للجامعات العراقية في الفهارس الالكترونية الموحدة فضلا عن التعريف بالفهرس العراقي الموحد والصعوبات التي تواجه المكتبات المركزية في الانضمام اليه والعمل على ايجاد الحلول المناسبة لكي يكون هذا العمل خطوة جادة وفعالة نحو الاشتراك في الفهرس العربي الموحد ، والتعريف بالفهرس العربي الموحد وبيان محاولات المكتبات العراقية المشاركة به قديما وحديثاً ، واعتمدت
... Show MorePolyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane blending NaX zeolite crystals as a hydrophilic additive was examined for zinc (II) and lead ions Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of NaX zeolite content on the permeation flux and removal efficiency was studied. The results showed that adding zeolite to the polymer matrix enhanced the permeation flux. The permeation flux of all the zeolite/PES matrix membranes was higher than the pristine membrane. No significant improvement was observed in the removal of Zn (II) ions using all prepared membranes as the removal percentage did not raise above 29.2%. However, the removal percentage of Pb (II) ions was enhanced to 97% using a membrane containing 0.9%wt. zeolite. Also, it was
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The research aimed to compare the performance of the commercial and the Islamic banks listed in the Palestinian's Stock Exchange .To achieve the objectives of the study we selected all the commercial and the Islamic banks listed in the Palestinian Stock Exchange to obtain the necessary data for the analysis process during the period of (2009-2013) .the comparison based on the performance indicators ( liquidity rate, profitability rate ,the activity rate and the market rate).
a statistical method was used to analyze the date to find the performance differences between the commercial banks,
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