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Antibiotic-prescribing patterns for Iraqi patients during Ramadan
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Background: During Ramadan, Muslims fast throughout daylight hours. There is a direct link between fasting and increasing incidence of infections. Antibiotic usage for treatment of infections should be based on accurate diagnosis, with the correct dose and dosing regimen for the shortest period to avoid bacterial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the practices of physicians in prescribing suitable antibiotics for fasting patients and the compliance of the patients in using such antibiotics at regular intervals. Materials and methods: An observational study was carried out during the middle 10 days of Ramadan 2014 in two pharmacies at Baghdad. A total of 34 prescriptions (Rx) for adults who suffered from infections were examined. For each included Rx, the researchers documented the age and sex of the patient, the diagnosis of the case, and the name of the given antibiotic(s) with dose and frequency of usage. A direct interview with the patient was also done, at which each patient was asked about fasting and if he/she would like to continue fasting during the remaining period of Ramadan. The patient was also asked if the physician asked him/her about fasting before writing the Rx. Results: More than two-thirds of participating patients were fasting during Ramadan. Antibiotics were prescribed at a higher percentage by dentists and surgeons, for which a single antibiotic with a twice-daily regimen was the most commonly prescribed by physicians for patients during the Ramadan month. Conclusion: Physicians fail to take patient fasting status into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for their fasting patients. Antibiotics with a twice-daily regimen are not suitable and best to be avoided for fasting patients in Iraq during Ramadan – especially if it occurs during summer months – to avoid treatment failure and provoking bacterial resistance. Keywords: fasting, Ramadan, antibiotics, dosing regimen

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
A New Iterative Methods For a Family of Asymptotically Severe Mappings
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Abstract<p>The aim of this paper is to introduce the concepts of asymptotically p-contractive and asymptotically severe accretive mappings. Also, we give an iterative methods (two step-three step) for finite family of asymptotically p-contractive and asymptotically severe accretive mappings to solve types of equations.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Proposed Analytical Method for Solving Fuzzy Linear Initial Value Problems
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     In this article, we aim to define a universal set consisting of the subscripts of the fuzzy differential equation (5) except the two elements  and , subsets of that universal set are defined according to certain conditions. Then, we use the constructed universal set with its subsets for suggesting an analytical method which facilitates solving fuzzy initial value problems of any order by using the strongly generalized H-differentiability. Also, valid sets with graphs for solutions of fuzzy initial value problems of higher orders are found.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the one electron expeetation values for different wave functions
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the onc-electron expectation values < r > from the radial electronic density funetion D(r) for different wave ?'unctions for the 2s state of Li atom. The wave functions used were published in 1963,174? and 1993 , respectavily. Using " " ' wave function as a Slater determinant has used the positioning technique for the analysis open shell system of Li (Is2 2s) State.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2010
Journal Name
Positioning
Fluid Inclusions Usage for Assessing Oil Migration in Duhok, North Iraq
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Revolution In Science And Humanity
Nonparametric Estimation of Failure Periods for Log Normal Distribution Using Bootstra
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A non-parametric kernel method with Bootstrap technology was used to estimate the confidence intervals of the system failure function of the log-normal distribution trace data. These are the times of failure of the machines of the spinning department of the weaving company in Wasit Governorate. Estimating the failure function in a parametric way represented by the method of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). The comparison between the parametric and non-parametric methods was done by using the average of Squares Error (MES) criterion. It has been noted the efficiency of the nonparametric methods based on Bootstrap compared to the parametric method. It was also noted that the curve estimation is more realistic and appropriate for the re

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 24 2017
Journal Name
Fac Med Baghdad
Crude Anthrax Protective Antigen Enhances Immunity For Salmonella Typhimurium in Mice
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Background: Non-host-adapted Salmonella serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium, which invades and multiplies within mononuclear phagocytes in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer’s plaques. Salmonella infection is a crucial medical and veterinary problem globally. S. Typhimurium causes various clinical symptoms, from asymptomatic infection to typhoid-like syndromes in infants or highly susceptible animals, for instance mice. Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of anthrax protective antigen (PA)as a potent adjuvant mixed with killed Salmonella Typhimurium (S.T.) to enhance the immunization capacity of the last. Materials and Methods: Two groups of mice were immunized with either th

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 04 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Comparing Angiotensin Gene polymorphisms According to Mechanical Ability for Weightlifter Selection
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
PROPOSED STANDARDS FOR EVALUATING THE EDUCATIONAL VIDEO ON THE SOCIAL MEDIA
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In the spreading of the Internet, mobile smart devices, and interactive websites such as YouTube, the educational video becomes more widespread and deliberative among users. The reasons for its spread are the prevalence of technologies, cheap cost, and easy to use. However, these products often lack to the distinction in video production. By following videos of an educational channel on YouTube, some comments found to discuss the lack of the content presented to motivate the learners, which lead to reduce the viewers of the videos. Therefore, there is an important decision to find general standards for the design and production of educational videos. A list of standards has been drawn up to help those interested in producing educational

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Designing system cost for water pollution plants in mayoralty of Baghdad
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          There is an increase in the need for cost accounting in all organizations and from different sectors to provide detailed information to the totals of financial accounting, first and help solve problems associated with inventory and analysis, tabulation and allocation of cost elements II and do the planning process and provide the necessary oversight and help to take the right decisions such as pricing decisions that need to Information cost accounting.
And suffer most of the non-governmental organizations from the lack of a cost accounting system provides information on the cost of service in these organizations and the department research sample circle v

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-ma'moon College
Simulation and Implementation of SNR Measurement processor for Adaptive Communication Systems
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