Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques.

A novel technique Sumudu transform Adomian decomposition method (STADM), is employed to handle some kinds of nonlinear time-fractional equations. We demonstrate that this method finds the solution without discretization or restrictive assumptions. This method is efficient, simple to implement, and produces good results. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The solutions are obtained using STADM, and the results show that the suggested technique is valid and applicable and provides a more refined convergent series solution. The MATLAB software carried out all the computations and graphics. Moreover, a graphical representation was made for the solution of some examples. For integer and fractional order problems, solutio

In this study, pure Co3O4 nano structure and doping with 4 %, and
6 % of Yttrium is successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method.
The XRD examination, optical, electrical and photo sensing
properties have been studied for pure and doped Co3O4 thin films.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that all films are
polycrystalline in nature, having cubic structure.
The optical properties indication that the optical energy gap follows
allowed direct electronic transition calculated using Tauc equation
and it increases for doped Co3O4. The photo sensing properties of
thin films are studied as a function of time at different wavelengths to
find the sensitivity for these lights.
High photo sensitivity dope

A theoretical analysis studied was performed to study the opacity broadening of spectral lines emitted from aluminum plasma produced by Nd-YLF laser. The plasma density was in the range 1028-1026 )) m-3 with length of plasma about ?300) m) , the opacity was studied as function of plasma density & principle quantum number. The results show that the opacity broadening increases as plasma density increases & decreases with the spacing between energy levels of emission spectral line.

In this study, plain concrete simply supported beams subjected to two points loading were analyzed for the flexure. The numerical model of the beam was constructed in the meso-scale representation of concrete as a two phasic material (aggregate, and mortar). The fracture process of the concrete beams under loading was investigated in the laboratory as well as by the numerical models. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was employed for the treatment of the discontinuities that appeared during the fracture process in concrete. Finite element method with the feature standard/explicitlywas utilized for the numerical analysis. Aggregate particles were assumedof elliptic shape. Other properties such as grading and sizes of the aggr

This study is dedicated to solving multicollinearity problem for the general linear model by using Ridge regression method. The basic formulation of this method and suggested forms for Ridge parameter is applied to the Gross Domestic Product data in Iraq. This data has normal distribution. The best linear regression model is obtained after solving multicollinearity problem with the suggesting of 10 k value.