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Classification of East Shatt al-Arab Using the Novel Scene Optimum Index Factor (SOIF) and Spectral Angle Mapper classifier
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Abstract<p>Accurate land use and land cover (LU/LC) classification is essential for various geospatial applications. This research applied a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier on the Landsat 7 (ETM+ 2010) & 8 (OLI 2020) satellite scenes to identify the land cover materials of the Shatt al-Arab region which is located in the east of Basra province during ten years with an estimate of the spectral signature using ENVI 5.6 software of each cover with the proportion of its area to the area of the study region and produce maps of the classified region. The bands of these datasets were analyzed using the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) statistic. The highest OIF represents the best and most appropriate band combination calculated for the classification process are (SWIR_2, SWIR_1, Blue) and (SWIR_2, SWIR_1, coastal aerosol) bands combination at (100.236 & 104.154) for ETM+, and OLI datasets, respectively, which adopted to obtain the most accurate interpretation of the land cover. The Landsat 7 (ETM+ 2010) is selected as a reference year to study the change in land cover features through ten years for this region using the novel Scene Optimum Index Factor (SOIF), which was suggested in this research. The amount of change for vegetation cover was 34 %, using the SAM classifier. The urban class was the most stable, and the rate of change was 23 %. The most affected were the water bodies, where the rate of change reached 73% due to the region falling into the tails of rivers, as well as the lack of water discharges coming from neighbouring and upstream countries. The research provides important information about land cover changes over the past decade due to the precise spectral analyses, showing the need for monitoring natural resources, especially in environmentally sensitive areas such as water bodies and vegetation cover. Environmental conservation efforts and continuous planning in affected regions may be supported by these findings.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 29 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Nurses' Practices in Intensive Care Units Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients in Baghdad City
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Objective: To evaluate nurses' practices toward coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients in the
intensive care units (ICU) and to find out the relationship with some vanables.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (50) staff nurses was selected out of three hospitals for cardiac surgery.
The study instmment consisted of two major sections was constructed. It is based on the review of literature.
First it is concerned with demographic data for nurses; and the second section is observationaL tool (checklist) is
composed of six parts in which there mere (78) items. Reliability and validity of the observational checklist were
determined through the analysis of a pilot study.
Data were collected through the use of the

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Numerical study of natural convection in an annulus between two concentric cylinders provided with metal foam fins
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Natural convection in an annular space provided with metal foam fins attached to the inner cylinder is studied numerically. The metal foam fins made of copper were inserted in different axial sections with three fins in each section. The temperature of the inner cylinder is kept constant while the annular outer surface is adiabatic. The thickness effect of the inner pipe wall was considered. Naiver Stokes equation with Boussinesq approximation is used for the fluid regime while Brinkman-Forchheimer Darcy model is used for metal foam. In addition, the local thermal non-equilibrium condition in the energy equation of the porous media is presumed. The effect of Rayleigh numb

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 25 2016
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences
Molecular study of blaVEB-1 gene in Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinical Samples from Baghdad City’s hospitals
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From different hospitals in Baghdad city, 25 clinical isolates of Proteus spp. were collected from different clinical samples, all isolates were identified as Proteus mirabilis by using bacteriological and biochemical assays in addition to Vitek-2 identification system. 15 (60%) isolates were identifying as Proteus mirabilis. The susceptibility of P. mirabilis isolates towards cefotaxime and ceftazidime was (66.6 %), (20%) consecutively; while extended spectrum β-lactamases producing P. mirabilis percentage was (30.7 %). Because blaVEB-1 was documented as an important indicator for increasing risk of extended spectrum beta ßlactamases producing P. mirabilis isolates that began to spread from many geographic area to Far east which inc

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 16 2022
Journal Name
Heat Transfer
Experimental study on thermo‐hydraulic performance of metal foam twisted tape in a double pipe heat exchanger
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Abstract<p>A recent study compared experimentally the hydraulic and thermal activity of twisted tape inserts for two types, metal foam twisted tape (MFTT) and traditional twisted tape (TTT), in a double pipe heat exchanger. The investigation goal of the innovatively designed MFTT is to enhance the heat transfer process, which provides a higher thermal enhancement factor over those of TTT under the same conditions. Heat transfer activity in terms of Nusselt number (<italic>Nu</italic>) and Nusselt number ratio (<italic>Nu</italic>/<italic>Nu</italic><sub>o</sub>) as the heat exchanger equipped with the proposed MFTT and TTT inserts with various tape‐twist ratios (<i></i></p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2026
Journal Name
Case Studies In Thermal Engineering
Dynamic thermal modelling of energy storage unit based on PCM under single or two-phase flow conditions
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Phase change materials are extensively studied for use in low-, mid-, and high-temperature applications due to their melting and solidification temperatures, latent heat, and thermophysical properties. This work aims to explore the energy stored, or released and their duration for the energy storage unit formed of a phase change material surrounding a tube within which a hot or cold, single or Two-Phase fluid flows, serving as a heat source or sink. The 3D axial transient thermal analysis of the energy storage unit is performed using the finite element method via a MATLAB-developed computer program. The effects of single- or Two-Phase fluid flow on temperature distribution, solidification, melting duration, and energy stored within phase ch

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 18 2019
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Circularization Technique for Strengthening of Plain Concrete Short Square Columns Subjected to a Uniaxial Compression Compressive Pressure
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This paper presents an experimental study for strengthening existing columns against axial compressive loads. The objective of this work is to study the behavior of concrete square columns strengthening with circulation technique. In Iraq, there are significantly more reinforced rectangular and square columns than reinforced circular columns in reinforced concrete buildings. Moreover, early research studies indicated that strengthening of rectangular or square columns using wraps of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) provided rather little enhancement to their load-carrying capacity. In this paper, shape modification technique was performed to modify the shape (cross section) of the columns from square columns into circular colu

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Determination of Corrosion Parameters for a Cathodic Reaction Complicated by IR Drop Effect in a Flow System
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2021
Journal Name
Nonlienear Optics Quantum Optics
Narrow Emission Linewidth of Highly-Pure Silicon Nitride Nanoparticles in Different Dye Solutions as Random Gain Media
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In this work, two different laser dye solutions were used to host highly-pure silicon nitride nanoparticles as scattering centers to fabricate random gain media. The laser dye was dissolved in three different solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetone) and the final results were obtained for methanol only. The silicon nitride nanoparticles were synthesized by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique with average particle size of 35 nm. The random gain medium was made as a solid rod with high spectral efficiency and low production cost. Optical emission with narrow linewidth was detected at 532-534 nm as 9 mg of silicon nitride nanoparticles were added to the 10 -5 M dye solution. The FWHM of 0.3 and 3.52 nm was determined for Rhodamine B and

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 17 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Health, Medicine And Nursing
Adherence to Guidelines of Secondary Prevention in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in a Tertiary Cardiac Center
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in United State (U.S.). Controlling of modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (D.M.), dyslipidemia, physical inactivity & obesity will prevent other serious cardiovascular complications

Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Early Prediction of Nephropathy in Iraqi Patient with Diabetes Type II by Evaluating Some Relevant Biochemical Factors
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داء السكري من النوع 2 (T2DM) هو مرض معقد يصيب العديد من الأعضاء إلى جانب البنكرياس مثل الكلى والكبد والدماغ والعين. بسبب ارتفاع السكر في الدم لفترات طويلة وعدم السيطرة على مرض السكري مع وجود عوامل خطر أخرى ، يمكن أن تحدث مضاعفات مرض السكري. تشمل مضاعفات مرض السكري مضاعفات الأوعية الدموية الدقيقة والأوعية الدموية الكبيرة التي تستهدف الكلى. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من مستوى الانجوتينسن المحول للانزيم  A

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