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Association of Cytochrome CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms and Tobacco Smoking with the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women from Iraq
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Background: CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking are among several risk factors for various types of cancers, but their influence on breast cancer remains controversial. We analyzed the possible association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking-related breast cancer in women from Iraq. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene (CYP1A1m1, T6235C and CYP1A1m2, A4889G) of 199 histologically verified breast cancer patients' and 160 cancer-free control women's specimens were performed by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Three genotype frequencies (TT, TC, and CC) of CYP1A1m1T/C appeared in 16.1, 29.6, and 54.3% of women with breast cancer, respectively, compared with 41.2, 40, and 18.8% in the control group, respectively. CYP1A1m1 CC genotype and C allele were significantly associated with increased risks for breast cancer in patients (54.3 and 69%, respectively) compared with controls (18.8 and 39%, respectively). While the three genotype frequencies (AA, AG, and GG) of CYP1A1m2A/G were detected in 20.1, 31.2, and 48.7% in patients compared with 46.3, 40.6, and 13.1% in controls, respectively. The frequency of GG genotypes and G allele was significantly higher in patients (48.7 and 64%, respectively) than in the controls (13.1 and 33%, respectively). Smoking women having either CC or GG genotypes showed a highly significant association with increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.607, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.64, p = 0.0001, and OR, 1.841, 95% CI, 0.88-1.67, p = 0.0001, respectively]. On the other hand, the T and A alleles of predominantly seen in healthy smoking women (83 and 85%, p = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: These findings indicated that both C and G alleles of CYP1A1m1 and m2 were significantly associated with elevated risk of breast cancer in Iraqi women, while the T and A alleles were predominantly seen in healthy controls which may indicate their protective role. The C and G association with breast cancer incidence was more prevalent among tobacco smoking patients. These polymorphisms may be used as biomarkers of breast cancer in women from Iraq.

Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Jan 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Clients' Perspective towards Family-centered Care Health Services of Family-provider Partnership
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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the family-centered care health services of family-provider partnership in Baghdad/ Iraq.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study is conducted in Baghdad Province. A cluster samples of 440 clients who review family centered care for the purpose of health services. The instruments underlying the study phenomenon deals with client's socio-demographic characteristics and family centered care questionnaire which include (partnership related to decision-making team, supporting the family as the constant in the child’s life, family-to-family and peer support and supporting transition to adulthood). The relia

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 15 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN’S USE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING ON SOCIAL MEDIA : (Field Study)
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The research aims to determine the factors affecting the woman’s use of electronic marketing in social networking sites, and to know the extent of the sample’s use of social networking sites for electronic shopping purposes. The research tool used the questionnaire form that was designed in its final form after presenting it to the arbitrators and it included a set of questions and a five-Likert scale, and used the spss statistical program to perform the statistical operations that were laid out in tables showing the frequencies, percentages and percentages Salary, mean, standard deviation, and correlation using the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Ka2 square test, the F test, the Alpha Cronbach test, and arrived at Searching to

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Materials Today:proceeding
Modification of CR39 surfaces by 193 nm ArF laser for biomaterial sensing
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Scopus (3)
Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Aug 30 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Accuracy Assessment of Various Resolutions Digital Cameras For Close Range Photogrammetry Applications
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Due to the great evolution in digital commercial cameras, several studies have addressed the using of such cameras in different civil and close-range applications such as 3D models generation. However, previous studies have not discussed a precise relationship between a camera resolution and the accuracy of the models generated based on images of this camera. Therefore the current study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the derived 3D buildings models captured by different resolution cameras. The digital photogrammetric methods were devoted to derive 3D models using the data of various resolution cameras and analyze their accuracies. This investigation involves selecting three different resolution cameras (low, medium and

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Crossref (2)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Jour. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Solution of High Order Ordinary Boundary Value Problems Using Semi-Analytic Technique
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The aim of this paper is to present a method for solving high order ordinary differential equations with two point's boundary condition, we propose semi-analytic technique using two-point oscillatory interpolation to construct polynomial solution. The original problem is concerned using two-point oscillatory interpolation with the fit equal numbers of derivatives at the end points of an interval [0 , 1] . Also, many examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of the method by comparing with conventional methods.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 18 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Optical Communications
Enhancing of underwater wireless optical communication system based on single photon detector
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Abstract<p>This work investigates a simulation model of an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. Several water scenarios are considered: Harbor I (HA-I), Harbor II (HA-II), Coastal Ocean (CO), Clear Ocean (CL), and Pure Sea (PU). A laser diode (LD) with modulation schemes (NRZ-OOK) transmits data at various speeds of 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, and 10 Gbps. To identify the optical signal, a single-photon detection (SPD), APD and PIN photodiodes are utilized. The analytical evaluation of the performance is executed using Q-factor, received power and bit error rate (BER). According to the results, the PU achieved an underwater distance of 35.5 m, 35 m, 34.5 m, for data tran</p> ... Show More
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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Estimation of Minimum Miscibility Pressure for 〖CO〗_2 Flood Based on EOS
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CO2 Gas is considered one of the unfavorable gases and it causes great air pollution. It’s possible to decrease this pollution by injecting  gas in the oil reservoirs to provide a good miscibility and to increase the oil recovery factor. MMP was estimated by Peng Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS). South Rumila-63 (SULIAY) is involved for which the miscible displacement by  is achievable based on the standard criteria for success EOR processes. A PVT report was available for the reservoir under study. It contains deferential liberation (DL) and constant composition expansion (CCE) tests.  PVTi software is one of the (Eclipse V.2010) software’s packages, it has been used to achieve the goal.

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Nov 14 2021
Journal Name
2021 North American Power Symposium (naps)
Laplace Domain Modeling of Power Components for Transient Converter-Grid Interaction Studies
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This paper introduces a Laplace-based modeling approach for the study of transient converter-grid interactions. The proposed approach is based on the development of two-port admittance models of converters and other components, combined with the use of numerical Laplace transforms. The application of a frequency domain method is aimed at the accurate and straightforward computation of transient system responses while preserving the wideband frequency characteristics of power components, such as those due to the use of high frequency semiconductive switches, electromagnetic interaction between inductive and capacitive components, as well as wave propagation and frequency dependence in transmission systems.

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Scopus (5)
Crossref (4)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Mon May 25 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Xi'an University Of Architecture & Technology
Iraqi Virtual Science Library (IVSL)): A field study of Iraqi researcher’s viewpoint
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The aim of the research is to shed light on the stages of developing the Iraqi virtual science Library(IVSL) project, and to define its distinctive role in providing all kinds of electronic resources to researchers from professors and graduate students, to identify its contents , the entry interfaces and applications of use, and provide them through electronic portals to publishing houses, research institutions and international universities, The research sample included the teaching staff and researchers participating in educational qualification courses at the Continuing Education Center at the University of Baghdad, The research population and its sample consisted of the category of (IVSL) users, and its sample (387) users. Analysis meth

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Optimal Design of Cylinderical Ectrode Using Neural Network Modeling for Electrochemical Finishing
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The finishing operation of the electrochemical finishing technology (ECF) for tube of steel was investigated In this study. Experimental procedures included qualitative
and quantitative analyses for surface roughness and material removal. Qualitative analyses utilized finishing optimization of a specific specimen in various design and operating conditions; value of gap from 0.2 to 10mm, flow rate of electrolytes from 5 to 15liter/min, finishing time from 1 to 4min and the applied voltage from 6 to 12v, to find out the value of surface roughness and material removal at each electrochemical state. From the measured material removal for each process state was used to verify the relationship with finishing time of work piece. Electrochemi

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