Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that is influenced by physiologic, sensory, affective, cognitive, socio-cultural and behavioral factors. Postoperative pain is the commonest reason for delayed discharge and unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. Our Objective is to test the hypothesis that administration of 2 ml/kg/hr preoperative IV fluids may attenuates postoperative pain.The study was carried out in the Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmok Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital from 12 May till 17 June 2009. The total number of patients was 120 (35 males and 85 females) with their age ranged between 10-90 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to administration of preoperative IV fluids, group A (65 patients) did not receive IV fluids and group B (55 patients) received IV fluids preoperatively. Regarding group A, the pain scale was ≤ 5 in 15.3% of patients, and it was >5 in 84.7% of patients and these results obtained within 0-5 hours after awaking from anesthesia. Whereas in group B, the pain scale was ≤5 in 29.09% of patients and was >5 in 70.9% of patients. We have demonstrated that the preoperative administration of 2ml/kg/hr IV fluids (crystalloid) to patients who had fasted from fluids decreased the severity of postoperative pain, and the need for postoperative analgesia. We report for the first time that administration of large volume preoperative IV fluids significantly reduce the incidence and severity of pain in patients at high risk for pain. Key words: I.V fluids, Pain, Surgery.
The performance of sewage pumps stations affected by many factors through its work time which produce undesired transportation efficiency. This paper is focus on the use of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression (MLR) models for prediction the major sewage pump station in Baghdad city. The data used in this work were obtained from Al-Habibia sewage pump station during specified records- three years in Al-Karkh district, Baghdad. Pumping capability of the stations was recognized by considering the influent input importance of discharge, total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). In addition, the chemical oxygen demands (COD), pH and chloride (Cl). The proposed model performanc
... Show MoreThis study was designed to show the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of alcoholic extract of Borage officinalis on the Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes in human serum. The results obtained from the study exhibited that alcoholic extract of Borage officinalis caused inhibition to enzymes activity with all concentrations of the extract. The results also showed that when the concentration of the extract was (0.001 mg/ml), the percentage of inhibition was (4.3% with MAO and 15.2% with AChE) and this percentage increases until reaching up to (74.7% with MAO and 84.18% with AChE) when the concentration of the extract was (0.1 mg/ml). From the kinetic parameters, studies found that alcoholic extract o
... Show MoreAbstract
The current research aims to examine the effect of the Adi and Shayer model on the achievement of fifth-grade students and their attitudes toward history. To achieve the research objective, the researcher has adopted two null hypotheses. 1) there is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score of students of the experimental group who study the history of Europe and modern American history according to the model of Addie and Shayer, and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subjects according to the traditional method in the test of post-achievement. 2) There was no statistically significant difference at the level (
... Show MoreIn this research, the influence of the fermentation treatments and baking in Iraqi’s flour type (Ibaa 99, Al-rashed, Tamus, Abu-grabe) and Turkish flour type (Muaamel) on phytic acid was investigated. In whole wheat flour, the phytic acid was (1500, 1290, 1450, 1230, 1440 ( mg/ 100 g flour respectively, and the inorganic phosphorous was (29.18, 25.15, 23.89, 20.85, 22.83) mg/100 g flour respectively. The dough prepared from flour with a higher phytic acid content also contained higher amount of phytic acid. During fermentation, degradation of phytic acid occurred. The cumulative loss of phytic acid after fermentation in all type of dough was ~ 23, 22, 34, 26 and 27% respectively،While increased of inorganic phosphorous occurred. The c
... Show MoreThe educational process depends on the means of conveying information from the teacher to the learner. Whenever appropriate, this means the learning process takes place better, faster, and with less effort, and the problem of research lies. The players lack learning in the meta-knowledge curriculum in basketball offensive skills than offensive skills. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of training exercises for educational numbers based on metacognitive skills in teaching some offensive skills with basketball. As for the research assignment, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests for the experimental group and in favor of the post tests. The experimental approach was used
... Show MoreThis study aimed to measure the accounting conservatism and the lemited factors which affected on it in the annual financial reports of insurance companies which listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2016, these factors were represented by firm age, firm debt and firm size.
Using the market value model (MV) To book value ( BV) Beaver and Ryan (2000) The level of the accounting conservatism was measured. The study found that the insurance companies which are listed on the ASE exercise the accounting conservatism when they were preparing financial reports. And when conducting a process of the test of the affected of the factors (The age of the
... Show MorePurpose - This study relies on the descriptive and analytical approach through collecting and analyzing the necessary data, as this approach focuses on polling the opinions of the research sample and its directions, and aims to develop a model that studies the relationship between knowledge creation and organizational ambidexterity in Iraqi private banks and verifying its validity experimentally.
Design / Methodology / Introduction - A survey was conducted through a questionnaire form to collect data from a sample of (113) managers in private commercial banks. In addition, this study used the AMOS program and the ready-to-use statistical program package (SPSS V.25) to test the proposed hypotheses of the t
... Show MoreIn this work, varying compositions of SiO2 micro filler were added
with the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and samples have been prepared
using film casting technique. The results have been analyzed and
compared for PVC samples with (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%)
SiO2 micro filler. Mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength,
elongation at break and Young`s modulus were measured for all the
samples, where the tensile strength was increased from 8.39 Mpa for
purified PVC to 16 Mpa for 3% SiO2/PVC composite. Also, thermal
conductivity measurement values illustrated that composite materials
have a good thermal insulation at 10 wt. %, thermal conductivity was
decreased from 0.1684 W/m.