The current study is designed to investigate the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the thyroid gland in adult male Sciurus anamalus. This study found that the thyroid gland of the Caucasian squirrel is located in the neck area, below the larynx, on both sides of the trachea. It has two lobes (right and left) with cylindrical shape. The histological studies revealed that the thyroid gland is surrounded by a capsule which consists of connective tissue and forming of two layers which are outer layer and inner layer, and a layer of adipose tissue appears overlapping the outer layer. The inner tissue of the gland consists of follicles with different shapes and sizes, and is lined with simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (follicular cells). Sometimes it appears in the form of high or low cuboidal epithelial tissue, in dependent on the functional activity state of the gland, and the follicles cavities are filled with colloid. In addition, there are two kinds of cells spread in the gland tissue, follicular cells and parafollicular cells, and they are fewer in number and larger in size than follicular cells and appear either singly or in the form of clusters and occupy two sites between the follicles or within the follicle. Immunologically, the results observed an immune response to thyroglobulin antibodies to detect the protein secreted by the follicular cells, which in turn secreted it to the colloid. Moreover, the immune response appeared clear in the cell membrane of the follicular cells and the colloid through the appearance of the brown color which is specific to the immune reaction.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of recent years multicarrier modulation used in order to combat the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) introduced by frequency selective mobile radio channel. The circular extension of the data symbol, commonly referred to as cyclic prefix is one of the key elements in an OFDM transmission scheme. This paper study The influence of the cyclic prefix duration on the BER performance of an OFDM-VCPL (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing - Variable Cyclic Prefix Length) system and the conventional OFDM system with frame 64-QAM modulation is evaluated by means of computer simulation in a multipath fading channel. The adaptation of CP is done with respect to the delay spread estimation
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Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing among many nations. Aim of the study: Investigate the predictive value of carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) in comparison to the CEA biomarker and to estimate the significance of CA242 as prognosis maker in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: a case-control study with a total of 150 individuals, 100 patients (59 males, 41 females) and 50 healthy controls (26 males, 24 females). using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to determine the serum levels of CA242 and CEA. The study was carried out at the gastroenterology consultation clinic of the oncology teaching hospital between November 2020 and February
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Abstract Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplastic disorder that occurs in different epidemiological forms. Human Herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) is established as a causative agent of KS that has been mentioned in textbooks and literature. In the last two decades, KS cases were up searched through many Iraqi medical researches which have been published, but unfortunately, none of which had confirmed this association. Objectives: To assess the association of latent nuclear antigen-1(LANA-1) of HHV-8 among KS patients with clinicopathological parameters and to evaluate if this procedure is valuable for diagnosing this disease through the first immunohistochemical study in Iraq. Methods: This is a clinico-immunohis
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Background The application of nanotechnology to biomedical surfaces is explained by the ability of cells to interact with nanometric features. The aim of this study was to consider the role of nanoscale topographic modification of CPTi dental implant using chemical etching method for the purpose of improving osseointegration. Materials and methods: Commercial pure titanium rod was machined into 20 dental implants. Each implant was machined in diameter about 3mm, length of 8mm (5mm was threaded part and 3mm was flat part). Implants were prepared and divided into 2 groups according to the types of surface modification method used: 1st group (10 implant) remained without nano surface modification (control), 2nd group include (10 implant) etche
... Show MoreBackground: Understanding the pathogenesis and molecular basis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has increased rapidly over the past few years that is essential to improve patient's prognosis and treatment modalities. The purpose of this study to evaluate the Immunohistochemical expressions of AKT, ATM, AND Cyclin E in oral squamous cell carcinoma Materials and methods: This study was performed on a forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks which histopathologically diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Histopathological Laboratory from patients treated surgically at Maxillofacial surgery Department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of AKT showed pos
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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Immunohistochemical expressions of BAD, MDM2, and P21as apoptotic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: This study was performed on forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks which histopathologically diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Histopathological Laboratory from patients treated surgically at Maxillofacial surgery Department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of BAD showed positive expression in 39 (97.5%), MDM2 showed positive expression in 39(97.5%)
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Background: Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is an impressive benign chronic ulcerative lesion of the oral mucosa with vague etiopathogenesis. It was supposed to represent an oral counterpart of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder. Histopathologically, it is characterized by mixed inflammatory infiltrate predominated by histiocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils along with presence of scattered large atypical mononuclear cells. It has worrisome clinical presentation. It may heal spontaneously, but in most occasions it persists and never heal unless removed surgically (incisional or excisional biopsy). A rare subset may show worrisome immunohistochemical features. Follow up is highly recommended. Mat
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Objectives: study the relation between the effect of time (long time duration) with high concentration of iodine
and study its effect on the activity of the thyroid gland (homonal and histological changes).
Methodology: An experimental study was done on (30) albino rats (8 weeks of age) to know the effect of high
concentration of iodine on the activity of the thyroid gland aiormonal and histological changes) related with
time. The study last for six months for the period of I/2/2007 to 31/7/2007, the experiment was carried out in the
research lab. of pathology deparment, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad.
Results: The study shows changes in homonal levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) and also histological<
Objectives: study the relation between the effect of time (long time duration) with high concentration of iodine
and study its effect on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes).
Methodology: An experimental study was done on (30) albino rats (8 weeks of age) to know the effect of high
concentration of iodine on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes) related with
time. The study last for six months for the period of 1/2/2007 to 31/7/2007, the experiment was carried out in the
research lab. of pathology department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad.
Results: The study shows changes in hormonal levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) and also histologic