Image compression is one of the data compression types applied to digital images in order to reduce their high cost for storage and/or transmission. Image compression algorithms may take the benefit of visual sensitivity and statistical properties of image data to deliver superior results in comparison with generic data compression schemes, which are used for other digital data. In the first approach, the input image is divided into blocks, each of which is 16 x 16, 32 x 32, or 64 x 64 pixels. The blocks are converted first into a string; then, encoded by using a lossless and dictionary-based algorithm known as arithmetic coding. The more occurrence of the pixels values is codded in few bits compare with pixel values of less occurrence through the sub intervals between the range 0 and 1. Finally, the stream of compressed tables is reassembled for decompressing (image restoration). The results showed a compression gain of 10-12% and less time consumption when applying this type of coding to each block rather than the entire image. To improve the compression ratio, the second approach was used based on the YCbCr colour model. In this regard, images were decomposed into four sub-bands (low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high) by using the discrete wavelet transform compression algorithm. Then, the low-low sub-band was transmuted to frequency components (low and high) via discrete wavelet transform. Next, these components were quantized by using scalar quantization and then scanning in a zigzag way. The compression ratio result is 15.1 to 27.5 for magnetic resonance imaging with a different peak signal to noise ratio and mean square error; 25 to 43 for X-ray images; 32 to 46 for computed tomography scan images; and 19 to 36 for magnetic resonance imaging brain images. The second approach showed an improved compression scheme compared to the first approach considering compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, and mean square error.
The variables of quantitative and qualitative Population role in the economic development process and it was said the human center of development and population is the goal of development and its tool , and Iraq suffers from problems in the economic growth and the standard of living and development in general, and if I want him evolution and development sectors must pay for these demographic changes especially , to study and that invest Pmaasb in the interest of the man
The study of the demographic situation in Iraq and at the provincial level to track paths demographic change and its impact on the entry of Iraq to the demographic window due to the change in the age structure of the population and how to use them and invested well in
The first chapter the importance of research and need for education scientists see that the roots of the use of a specimen Wheatley in learning and teaching back to Grayson Wheatley, one of the largest supporters of a modern construction, which lay the groundwork for the specimen stage and the form in which it is. That was attributed to him, often called his name called while some educators based learning strategy on the issue. He sees the learner in this model make him a meaningful understanding of problems during his progress, thereby acting with his colleagues to find solutions to them in small groups. He
Borders Search: Search by students is determined by th
... Show MoreThe current rasearch which is entitled " The stylistic change in Kandinsky and Mondrian paintings – A Comparative Analytic study-" deals with the nature of change concept, its mechanisms and its constructive disciplines. The research has four chapters: The first chapter deals with the methodological Framework represented by the problem of the research which is concerned with the stylistic change and its role in activating formative disciplines. The research aims at, finding out the stylistic change in Kandinsky and Mondrian Paintings.&
... Show MoreThe reason for studying (The secret of Repentance and Confession in Christianity) goes back to the deep roots of repentance in all religions, specially the three revealed religions, and those who adhere to them. The human psych by nature is incessantly demanding sins and the wrong deeds. It is in need of repentance which God has opened for them. Almighty God is happy when his creatures repent and refrain from sinning. This is the reason for success in life and the hereafter and the principle of the happiness. It is also a condition for the good course. Therefore, man should refrain from sinning and feel regret for committing sins forever.
The most honorable of science was what was related to the book of God, the Almighty, the Constitution of this nation and the way of its guidance and method of advancement there is no life except for him and safety only by its application and it is no secret to the competent studies of the importance of the subjective studies in the Koranic studies to address issues of great importance enlighten the path of the nation and revive From here comes the importance of the topic covered by the research, which is "Intent in the Holy Quran meanings and semantics", and this topic features features that made it worthy of writing, including the importance of clarifying theories of Qur'anic character of a systematic nature, such as the theory of inten
... Show MoreThe primary focus of the study factor reverse polymerization styrene polymer kinetics and distribution weight Aljaia in Blma Aldhur free reverse The study was conducted wi Mamahakah and using the Monte Carlo method
The laws of the three religions tend to extend the rules and foundations of coexistence, and this is achieved in achieving the values and principles that these laws have nourished in all societies.
Our research deals with a major problem that has broken out in our societies, namely (disturbing the balance of values and behavioral standard between people), and perhaps one of the greatest causes of the problem is to move away from the correct divine discourse and sound approach, as well as corruption of common sense and the violation of its rules and found principles in the hearts of people.
This study aimed to clarify the legal provisions concerning the senses and their role in financial transactions, in the light of the definition of all the vocabulary presented by this study (senses - the definition of senses apparent: they are hearing - sight - smell - taste - touch) in the first section. The study deals with the second topic of the reference and writing denominator phrase and includes two requirements, the first requirement: the establishment of the denominator of the phrase, which has two branches: Section I: signal Akhras. Section II: Signal of the Spokesman.
The second requirement is that writing takes the place of the phrase in financial transactions. The owners argue that the sale of the blind is correct a
Perhaps masculinity and femininity in our Arabic language are among the linguistic issues that have occupied the attention of researchers, ancient and modern. Many books, works, and research have been written on this subject, but there is still something in it that must be revealed, clarified, and established, as the ancients did not classify the feminine and masculine into real, metaphorical, auditory, analogical,
Phraseological or phraseological turn - unchanged in structure and composition, integral in meaning and lexically indivisible phrase or sentence, performing the function of a separate dictionary unit - lexemes. Idioms are found in any language of the world. But such a number of winged phrases, as in Russian, is nowhere else. Idioms play a role in displaying the national-cultural characteristics of any language. They very clearly and accurately reflect the characteristics of the perception of the world, the characteristic features of the material and spiritual life of native speakers, his mentality.