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The Arithmetic Coding and Hybrid Discrete Wavelet and Cosine Transform Approaches in Image Compression
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Image compression is one of the data compression types applied to digital images in order to reduce their high cost for storage and/or transmission. Image compression algorithms may take the benefit of visual sensitivity and statistical properties of image data to deliver superior results in comparison with generic data compression schemes, which are used for other digital data. In the first approach, the input image is divided into blocks, each of which is 16 x 16, 32 x 32, or 64 x 64 pixels. The blocks are converted first into a string; then, encoded by using a lossless and dictionary-based algorithm known as arithmetic coding. The more occurrence of the pixels values is codded in few bits compare with pixel values of less occurrence through the sub intervals between the range 0 and 1. Finally, the stream of compressed tables is reassembled for decompressing (image restoration). The results showed a compression gain of 10-12% and less time consumption when applying this type of coding to each block rather than the entire image. To improve the compression ratio, the second approach was used based on the YCbCr colour model. In this regard, images were decomposed into four sub-bands (low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high) by using the discrete wavelet transform compression algorithm. Then, the low-low sub-band was transmuted to frequency components (low and high) via discrete wavelet transform. Next, these components were quantized by using scalar quantization and then scanning in a zigzag way. The compression ratio result is 15.1 to 27.5 for magnetic resonance imaging with a different peak signal to noise ratio and mean square error; 25 to 43 for X-ray images; 32 to 46 for computed tomography scan images; and 19 to 36 for magnetic resonance imaging brain images. The second approach showed an improved compression scheme compared to the first approach considering compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, and mean square error.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of unsecured use of chemical pesticides on the environment and health in Iraq
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The wide use of pesticides in recent years leads to rapid distribution of these pollutants in the environment (air, water and soil).They were transported by means of air or water to biological ecosystems. They become more toxic through the processes of biological magnification while some of them persist for along period.The aim of this work is to show the negative effect that chemical pesticides causes, and in the same to show their side effect on the environment and health in Iraq. We could conclude that the bad use of these chemicals could cause an urgent impact now or in the future. Governmental offices dealing with these materials should take the right measures to minimize the danger and the misuse of these chemicals by seeking alternat

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Psychological counseling skills and their relation to the power of the ego in educational counselors
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The study aimed to identify the psychological counseling skills and the strength of the ego in the educational counselors, and to identify the relationship of statistical significance between the psychological counseling skills and the strength of the ego in the educational counselors, and to identify the differences of statistical significance in the relationship between psychological counseling skills and the strength of the ego in the guides according to the gender variable(male, Females), the number of sample (100) guides, including (50) males and (50) females from the area of ​​Atifiya and Qadissiya and Ameriya in the Directorate of Education Karkh / 1, the researcher adopted a scale of psychological counseling skills prepared b

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Disclosure and Transparency Criteria In Saudi Banks on The Financial Ratios Indicators
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The study aimed to measure the effect of applying the disclosure and transparency standards criteria adopted by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority on improving performance indicators in the Saudi banking sector, by measuring the extent of the impact of the bank's financial indicators represented by liquidity, profitability and return on assets in Saudi banks by applying the criteria of disclosure and transparency, which is one of the Main principles in the list of governance, which was approved by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. The analytical approach was followed to achieve the goal of the study, as the financial statements of Saudi banks were analyzed during a period of 8-year to test four hypotheses related to measuri

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Evaluating the Knowledge for Integrating RM and VM Using BIM in the Iraqi Construction Sector
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The construction industry plays a crucial role in the countries' economy, especially in the developed country. This point encourages the concerned institution to use new techniques and integrate many techniques and methods to maximize the benefits. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the use of risk management, value management, and building information modeling in the Iraqi construction industry. The evaluation process aims at two objectives. The direct objective was to evaluate the knowledge in risk management (RM), value management (VM), and building information modeling (BIM). The indirect objective was to support the participants with information related to the main items mentioned. The questionnaire

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2022
Journal Name
Sport Tk-revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Visual spatial attention and its impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball
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The primary aim of this research was to study visual spatial attention and its impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball. A total of 20 volleyball players of Baghdad participated in this study. The sample was homogeneous in terms of height, weight and age of the players. The tests used in the present study were: 1) Visual Spatial Attention Test. 2) Volleyball Spike Test. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that visual spatial attention has a significant impact on the accuracy of the diagonal spike in volleyball.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 18 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Strategic dimensions of the Turkish role in the map of international and regional forces balances
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It is necessary to examine the nature of the Turkish position and what Turkey seeks to achieve at the international, regional and Iraqi levels. Or is this external role an expression of foreign policy and has not yet reached the level of maturity that reaches the stage of strategy? The answer to this question is the essence of research in the Turkish role. The answer to this question requires the realization of the elements and pillars that guarantee Turkey's continuity and survival. Continuity is a cornerstone of the strategy. The continuity of the role and its interaction with the event and the ability to employ multiple alternatives are what qualify the state to describe its politics. The external strategy has evolved into. In order t

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The importance of Kurdish songs and games in building the child's personality: كونا قادر محمد
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  The popular Kurdish songs and games for children are among the simplest types that can be close to the child’s interest, because we estimate that this segment is limited by its meanings and goals charged with competition and the fall of its innate biological energies, in the early years of the stages of development and growth of human mental, psychological, and muscular skills, Passionate about knowing and discovering the general decree of life, and getting acquainted with the logical rulings that surround his new law, but instinctively it approaches everything that is simple in terms of understanding and palatability, as these games and songs are simple and easy in their melodic elements and elegance Conscious and kinetic are a

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The susceptibility test of vaginal yeasts and their relationship with the age in Iraqi women
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This study aims to isolate the pathogenic yeasts from genital tract and investigate their relationship with the age .The results clarified that the most pathogenic yeast isolated from genital tract was Candida albicans , also the results of C.albicanas isolates susceptibility test, to different antifungal revealed that they were sensitive to Miconazole, Ketoconazole and Clotrimazol and were resistant to Nystatin and Grisofulvin. The study of relationship of vaginal infection with the age showed that the incidence of infection with Candida was high among females age group (19-39 years).

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 16 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
City of Baghdad Analysis of the mechanisms of economic action in the development and development
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The economy of a city has an important role not only in its establishment but also in its development. This is quite clear in the city of Baghdad throughout its history since its building in 762 A.D. In addition, most of its problems that the city is suffering from are basically related to not giving enough importance to the economic factors in the master planning of Baghdad since 1950’s. This may explain the failiars of master plans in dealing with the actual population growth and the city's inability to absorb such increases and interrelated and diverse activities which are negatively reflected on the economic variables particularly the effect on the land values, and the strong competitions amongst the land uses without previ

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Preservation of the mind and its development Makassedi study in the light of prayers Almathur
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A great abbey in the Shari'a, and is therefore destined to be preserved in many texts and by methods
There are many prayers in the Qur'an and Sunnah to encourage them
They have a clear relationship with the preservation of the purposes of the Sharia in general, and with a purpose
Save the mind in particular, but the scholars - the mercy of God - when they declare that the costs of Sharia
Due to the preservation of my intentions in the creature, they limit their words to orders and intentions, and are not exposed
In particular,
If they were included in the texts of the Shariah and Tawjiyatiya,
To be related to the preservation of the purposes of the law, which confirms the words of the former leaders, and light the li

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