Image compression is one of the data compression types applied to digital images in order to reduce their high cost for storage and/or transmission. Image compression algorithms may take the benefit of visual sensitivity and statistical properties of image data to deliver superior results in comparison with generic data compression schemes, which are used for other digital data. In the first approach, the input image is divided into blocks, each of which is 16 x 16, 32 x 32, or 64 x 64 pixels. The blocks are converted first into a string; then, encoded by using a lossless and dictionary-based algorithm known as arithmetic coding. The more occurrence of the pixels values is codded in few bits compare with pixel values of less occurrence through the sub intervals between the range 0 and 1. Finally, the stream of compressed tables is reassembled for decompressing (image restoration). The results showed a compression gain of 10-12% and less time consumption when applying this type of coding to each block rather than the entire image. To improve the compression ratio, the second approach was used based on the YCbCr colour model. In this regard, images were decomposed into four sub-bands (low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high) by using the discrete wavelet transform compression algorithm. Then, the low-low sub-band was transmuted to frequency components (low and high) via discrete wavelet transform. Next, these components were quantized by using scalar quantization and then scanning in a zigzag way. The compression ratio result is 15.1 to 27.5 for magnetic resonance imaging with a different peak signal to noise ratio and mean square error; 25 to 43 for X-ray images; 32 to 46 for computed tomography scan images; and 19 to 36 for magnetic resonance imaging brain images. The second approach showed an improved compression scheme compared to the first approach considering compression ratio, peak signal to noise ratio, and mean square error.
Some have considered the dialectic in form and meaning from different points of view, and dismantled them from each other, and this view is correct if we adopt according to the logic of Aristotle when it comes to dialectic, the dialectic of form and meaning has different aspects and does not share a single line in terms of conceptual meaning, the form is the appearance What the recipient sees with the help of cognitive tools, the content or content is the mental meaning, which in turn depends on his own tools, and to this extent this view is correct, and the intellectual content or meaning of the artwork or the human message that the artist wants to convey to the viewer.
The research included four chapters. The first chapter included
Contrary to deconstruction and its destructive pursuit, the concept of undermining the familiar seeks to refute the constants and its known limitations. It is done through the process of receiving and what is imposed by the formation of the word or text or the structural and design structure in general, along with the Arabic calligraphy in particular. This is based on the recipient's understanding and interpretation of the dual phenomenon and the content's manifestation. More accurately, the disclosure of its reality through its expressive phenomenology; for that sake, the research was devoted to studying “undermining the familiar and embodiment content in Arabic calligraphy” including four chapters. The first chapter comprised
... Show MoreAbstract: The premise of the study is that populism is a process of building political views and critical intellectual orientations among the general public. It is transformed into mass beliefs by mobilizing the society ideologically and continuously in order to reach or control the circle of authority. We distributed the study topics to four sections: In the second, we will discuss the contents of contemporary populism and how other forms of populism evolved historically. The third is to discuss the political discourse of populism among the military regimes and the comparative Islamic parties in the Middle East, especially in terms of the essence and the intellectual foundations. The fourth section seeks to examine the characteristics o
... Show MoreEncouraging micro-enterprises for comprehensive economic development are crucial to achieve the ambitious vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Small and Medium enterprises are inputting around 15.5 per cent to GDP while 33 per cent contribution as a private sector to Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to identify the most important factors that affect the efficiency of small enterprises in Saudi Arabia. To accomplish this objective, the study was conducted for small projects via the comprehensive inventory method under the supervision of the Institute of Entrepreneurship. A total of 282 questionnaires were collected from entrepreneurs and the differentiation analysis
... Show MoreThis study aims to identify both the importance of using (LinkedIn) and its drawbacks for researchers and specialists in the field of information and knowledge technologies. The study relied mainly on the statistical method (analytical method) from the collection of data tools (questionnaire) that was distributed electronically (Google Forms) to the sample community of (55) instructors. The feedback received illustrates that (46) instructors among those who participated in the questionnaire subscribed to (LinkedIn) and the rest did not. Their data was analyzed statistically, and the general arithmetic mean and the hypothetical mean was extracted for them to achieve the objectives of the study and prove their hypotheses. The site positively
... Show Moreتعد المحاسبة بشكل عام علماً لكنها ليست من العلوم الصرفة وإنما من العلوم الإجتماعية مما يتطلب للتعامل مع المواضيع المحاسبية الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الأشخاص المعنيين بالموضوع سواء كانوا المعدين للمخرجات المحاسبية أي المحاسبين، أو الاطراف ذوي المصالح المعنيين والمستفيدين من هذه المخرجات أي المستخدمين، ويعد المحاسب جزءاً من العملية الاجرائية نفسها وبهذا يكون دوره مزدوجاً يجمع بين كونه القائم بالبحث والقي
... Show MoreShe noted most of the results of research conducted on the use of computers and the Internet in the areas of administrative, economic, agricultural and educational to a significant improvement in learning outcomes of these groups in the development of mechanisms of action, has increased rates of computer use and applications in various spheres of life at very fast pace so that the computer and the Internet is a vital part of any activity, whether administrative or research or the media, hence it can be said that the use of computers and the Internet in the management of public relations activities in any organization can accelerate the pace of echo positive goals and purposes of public relations, this study comes to looking at us
... Show MoreThe purpose of this research highlight the achievement of the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises dimensions and conformable to analyze the relationship between business strategies and human resources management strategies , and launched search of a dilemma thought provoking fundamental questions revolve around the search is the lack of appropriate strategies in these enterprises to help them continuity and permanence in business and markets , as these enterprises lack the human resources management strategies appropriate , as well as business strategies that make them withstand the changes in the market environment is changing and volatile . It was to
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