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Effect of a novel coating material on the microleakage of glass hybrid restoration in primary teeth – An in vitro study
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Background: Glass ionomer restorations are widely employed in the field of pediatric dentistry. There is a constant demand for a durable restoration that remains functional until exfoliation. This study aimed to measure and compare the effect of a novel coating material (EQUIA Forte Coat) on the microleakage of glass hybrid restoration (EQUIA Forte HT) in primary teeth. Material and method: Thirty cavitated (class-II) primary molars were allocated randomly into two groups based on the coat application; uncoated (control) and coated group (experimental). Cavities were prepared by the use of a ceramic bur (CeraBur) and restored with EQUIA Forte HT with or without applying a protective coat (EQUIA Forte Coat). Samples went through the thermocycling process and dipped in 2% methylene blue dye before being sectioned through the center of the restoration. Microleakage was evaluated digitally using software and a camera connected to a stereomicroscope (30 x magnification) to assess dye penetration of the sectioned samples at both the occlusal and gingival marginal levels. Results: There was a significant difference between the coated and uncoated groups at both occlusal (p=.029) and gingival margin sites (p=.001). Conclusion: Higher microleakage values were associated with the uncoated group compared to the coated one. The application of a protective coating to the restorations is an efficient approach to decrease the microleakage of the restorations that can be usefully adopted in clinical practice.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 27 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Using Teaching Aid on the Development of Straight Forehand and Backhand Shot Performance in Lawn Tennis
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The problem of the research lies in finding aiding means that improve and facilitate learning artistic skills during the main part of a teaching sessions due to their great importance in developing the accuracy of forehand and backhand skills in tennis. Players are usually faced with difficulties at the beginning of learning due to lack of coordination in ball striking thus including a teaching aid will have a positive effect on learning some forehand and backhand skills. The research aimed at designing exercises using teaching aid in tennis as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on the accuracy of performing forehand and backhand shots in tennis. The researcher used the experimental method on (38) tennis players from Al Zewra

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
EFFECT OF LAND DEGRADATION DEGREE ON THE LAND COVER TYPE USING GIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE WEST OF BAGHDAD/IRAQ
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In this study is the phenomenon of desertification risk assessment in the Abu Ghraib area west of Baghdad/Iraq, which has an area of about (384.168 km 2), that the annual mean temperature is more than (22 C). Rainfall was low, ranging from the (200 mm) per year for Iraq and (2.82) mm per year of the study area* temperature is high and evaporation is also high (mm 7.73) per year*, so the climate in general of the dry type and the system of soil moisture is the kind of Aridic (Torric). To this study was to identify three indicators to monitor for the period from 2001-2005 using GIS and these indicators are (soil, groundwater and the nature of land use), using ArcGIS 9.1. The results showed that the risk of desertification was part of the leve

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Effect of Molecular Imprinting on the Loading and Release of Poorly Water Soluble Drug in Hydrogel Gontact Lenses
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Therapeutic contact lenses TCLs is an approach used to enhance corneal residence time and reduce frequent instillation, which is a problem with eye drops.  The problem with CLs is loading of hydrophobic drugs. In this research the CLs were prepared with molecular imprinting MI to enhance the loading of itraconazole, which is used as antifungal drug for fungal keratitis. CLs using different  concentration of hydroxyethyl methacrylate HEMA and methacrylic acid MAA were prepared with and without MI using PEGDA (25 μL) and AIBN (37 mg) as crosslinker and initiator respectively. All the prepared CLs were clear and have good folding endurance. MICLs had significantly higher drug loading compared to conventional CLs. The release of i

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 27 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Consumer attitudes towards the integrated marketing communications of the UAE Etisalat company: A study of a sample of its subscribers in the emirate of Abu Dhabi
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The continuous technical development in the means of communication and information technologies has led to an increase in competition in the provision of service and product on the part of the organizations, as this competition does not know silence and stability on specific methods, but rather it is a world that is constantly moving and renewed in approaches, methods and approaches, and the focus of attention of integrated marketing communications practitioners are Customers, for them, organizations sell their goods, products, services, and ideas, and with them, they become stronger in competition.
This scientific study aimed to identify the trends of the initiators towards the integrated marketing communications of (the Emirates Tel

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Bionatura
The role of ferric citrate in a sample of Iraqi patients on hemodialysis- A randomized controlled clinical trial
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Background: Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia is the main difficulty facing staff treating patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Sevelamer and calcium-containing phosphate binders have been associated with cost burden and tissue calcification, respectively. Therefore, the current trial was targeted to investigate the efficacy of a new phosphate binder, ferric citrate, in a sample of Iraqi patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Keywords: Ferric citrate, Hemodialysis Phosphate binder

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 20 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An Analysis on the Applicability of Meta-Heuristic Searching Techniques for Automated Test Data Generation in Automatic Programming Assessment
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Automatic Programming Assessment (APA) has been gaining lots of attention among researchers mainly to support automated grading and marking of students’ programming assignments or exercises systematically. APA is commonly identified as a method that can enhance accuracy, efficiency and consistency as well as providing instant feedback on students’ programming solutions. In achieving APA, test data generation process is very important so as to perform a dynamic testing on students’ assignment. In software testing field, many researches that focus on test data generation have demonstrated the successful of adoption of Meta-Heuristic Search Techniques (MHST) so as to enhance the procedure of deriving adequate test data for efficient t

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 27 2025
Journal Name
Webology
Is the Stealth Marketing an Element of Promotion Mix? A Review of the Techniques
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Stealth marketing is considered as one of the contemporary issues that researchers have begun to explore as a current understanding. It is the marketing approach used by organizations to promote their products and services to the public in implicit and indirect manner. In this article, the concept of stealth marketing will be discussed throw its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the different techniques of stealth marketing have been discussed including: viral marketing, celebrity marketing, brand pushers, bait-and-tease marketing, video games marketing, and marketing in music. Furthermore, a new technique of marketing entitled “Marketing through social responsibility” has been added and discussed according to the themes in the

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 25 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Hybrid Framework To Exclude Similar and Faulty Test Cases In Regression Testing
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Regression testing is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle that makes sure that new changes/updates in the software system don’t introduce defects or don’t affect adversely the existing functionalities. However, as the software systems grow in complexity, the number of test cases in regression suite can become large which results into more testing time and resource consumption. In addition, the presence of redundant and faulty test cases may affect the efficiency of the regression testing process. Therefore, this paper presents a new Hybrid Framework to Exclude Similar & Faulty Test Cases in Regression Testing (ETCPM) that utilizes automated code analysis techniques and historical test execution data to

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Ecology, Environment And Conservation
A qualitative study of Periphytic algae attached to thesurface of river boats in the Tigris River in AlAadhamiya, Baghdad, Iraq
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A seasonal study of periphytic algae attached to the surface of river boats was conducted in Tigris river in Al Aadhamiya site for the period from October 2016 to May 2017. A total of 107 taxa of periphytic algae were identified belonging to the four classes of algae. The periphytic algae community dominated by Bacillariophyceae was (60.7%) followed by Chlorophyceae (20.5%) and Cyanophyceae (17.7%) Chrysophyceae was constituted (0.9%) of the total number. During the whole period of study filamentous taxa such as Oscillatoria amphibian, Phormidium spp., Spirulinagigantean, Cladophoreglomerata and Melosira roeseana remained the dominant colonizer which may be reflect the ability of this species to grow multiplies under different environmental

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Sustainable Development And Planning
The Role of Sustainable Environmental Indicators in Urban Happiness: A Study of Al-Amir Neighborhood in Al-Najaf City, Iraq
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