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Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries
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Background

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave.

Methods

This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training.

Results

We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0–14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6–32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a ’great-extent-of-confidence’ in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors.

Interpretation

There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Some Results on Reduced Rings
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The main purpose of this paper is to study some results concerning reduced ring with another concepts as semiprime ring ,prime ring,essential ideal ,derivations and homomorphism ,we give some results a bout that.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Modern Mathematical Sciences
Coupled Laplace-Decomposition Method for Solving Klein- Gordon Equation
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In this paper, we consider a new approach to solve type of partial differential equation by using coupled Laplace transformation with decomposition method to find the exact solution for non–linear non–homogenous equation with initial conditions. The reliability for suggested approach illustrated by solving model equations such as second order linear and nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The application results show the efficiency and ability for suggested approach.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Shariah ruling on advice
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Abstract

Research title: The legal ruling of advice.

This research deals with the topic of advice, as the research included the following:

Preamble: I explained in it the meaning of advice in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and that what is meant by it is a good performance of the duty, then explaining its importance, importing it, and the difference between advice and what is similar to it, from enjoining good, denial, reproach and reprimand, backbiting and the will.

The first topic: It dealt with the ruling on advice, whether it is recommended or disliked, or forbidden, because what is meant by it is to give advice to others may be an obligation in kind, or it may be desirable or dislike

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 10 2018
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury With Versus Without Nerve Identification In Different Thyroidectomy Procedures
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Background: The world health organization estimates that worldwide 2 billion people still have iodine deficiency Objectives: Is to make comparison between the effect of identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and non-identification of the nerve on incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) in different thyroidectomy procedures.

Type of the study: cross –sectional study.

Methods: 132 patients with goiters underwent thyroidectomy .Identification of RLN visually by exposure were done for agroup of them and non-identification of the nerves for the other group. The outcomes of RLNI in the two groupsanalyzed statistically for the effect of

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2024
Journal Name
Smart Agricultural Technology
Smart fertilizer technologies: An environmental impact assessment for sustainable agriculture
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The global food supply heavily depends on utilizing fertilizers to meet production goals. The adverse impacts of traditional fertilization practices on the environment have necessitated the exploration of new alternatives in the form of smart fertilizer technologies (SFTs). This review seeks to categorize SFTs, which are slow and controlled-release Fertilizers (SCRFs), nano fertilizers, and biological fertilizers, and describes their operational principles. It examines the environmental implications of conventional fertilizers and outlines the attributes of SFTs that effectively address these concerns. The findings demonstrate a pronounced environmental advantage of SFTs, including enhanced crop yields, minimized nutrient loss, improved nut

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 30 2025
Journal Name
Samarra Journal Of Engineering Science And Research
Proposed low Xilinx FPGA power consumption for recursive NOMA applied in optical visible light communication
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Today the NOMA has exponential growth in the use of Optical Visible Light Communication (OVLC) due to good features such as high spectral efficiency, low BER, and flexibility. Moreover, it creates a huge demand for electronic devices with high-speed processing and data rates, which leads to more FPGA power consumption. Therefore; it is a big challenge for scientists and researchers today to recover this problem by reducing the FPGA power and size of the devices. The subject matter of this article is producing an algorithm model to reduce the power consumption of (Field Programmable Gate Array) FPGA used in the design of the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques applied in (OVLC) systems combined with a blue laser. However, The po

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Viable Strategies to Increase Clinical Trial Patient Diversity
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In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry is actively devising strategies to improve the diversity of clinical trial participants. These efforts stem from a plethora of evidence indicating that various ethnic groups respond differently to a given treatment. Thus, increasing the diversity of trial participants would not only provide more robust and representative trial data but also lead to safer and more effective therapies. Further diversifying trial participants appear straightforward, but it is a complex process requiring feedback from multiple stakeholders such as pharmaceutical sponsors, regulators, community leaders, and research sites. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to describe three viable strategies that can p

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Bubble Size Distribution In Gas-Liquid Dispersion Column
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The present work investigates the effect of; superficial air velocities of: 1, 3, and 6 cm/s for two types of perforated distributor on hydrodynamic characteristic in a gas-liquid dispersion column of; air-water, and airaqueous-n-propanol solution. Bubble distribution, gas holdup, and power consumption are parameters take in consideration. Experimental work was carried out in perspex column of 8.5 cm inside diameter and 1.5 m height. Two types of bubble generator (perforated plate) were fixed at the bottom of the column; plate A (99 holes of 0.5 mm diameter and free area of 0.34%), plate B (20 holes of 1.5 mm diameter and free area of 0.62%). Photographic technique was used to measure the bubble parameters. The experimental results were

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 08 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Engineering &amp; Technology
An integrated multi layers approach for detecting unknown malware behaviours
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Malware represents one of the dangerous threats to computer security. Dynamic analysis has difficulties in detecting unknown malware. This paper developed an integrated multi – layer detection approach to provide more accuracy in detecting malware. User interface integrated with Virus Total was designed as a first layer which represented a warning system for malware infection, Malware data base within malware samples as a second layer, Cuckoo as a third layer, Bull guard as a fourth layer and IDA pro as a fifth layer. The results showed that the use of fifth layers was better than the use of a single detector without merging. For example, the efficiency of the proposed approach is 100% compared with 18% and 63% of Virus Total and Bel

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Data Mining Techniques for Iraqi Biochemical Dataset Analysis
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This research aims to analyze and simulate biochemical real test data for uncovering the relationships among the tests, and how each of them impacts others. The data were acquired from Iraqi private biochemical laboratory. However, these data have many dimensions with a high rate of null values, and big patient numbers. Then, several experiments have been applied on these data beginning with unsupervised techniques such as hierarchical clustering, and k-means, but the results were not clear. Then the preprocessing step performed, to make the dataset analyzable by supervised techniques such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification And Regression Tree (CART), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Naïve Bays (NB

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