Hydrocarbon production might cause changes in dynamic reservoir properties. Thus the consideration of the mechanical stability of a formation under different conditions of drilling or production is a very important issue, and basic mechanical properties of the formation should be determined. There is considerable evidence, gathered from laboratory measurements in the field of Rock Mechanics, showing a good correlation between intrinsic rock strength and the dynamic elastic constant determined from sonic-velocity and density measurements. The values of the mechanical properties determined from log data, such as the dynamic elastic constants derived from the measurement of the elastic wave velocities in the material, should be more accurate than that determined by direct strength tests with core samples. This can be attributed to the scale effect and sampling disturbances. The aim of this study was to present methods of determining measures of some mechanical properties, from available well log data (conventional sonic, density, and gamma ray) for a well in North Rumaila field. The mechanical properties include formation strength and Poisson’s ratio. For the formation strength, combined elastic modulus (Ec) and shear modulus (G) were determined. The Poisson’s ratio was determined by using three different techniques to permit the accuracy of their values. The elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were then correlated with depth and effective stress. The results show that combined correlations are important source of the prediction of overpressure zones which represent a major problem encountered in drilling and production process.
The anatomical features of leaves and stems of seven species belonging to five genera of the Papaveraceae family were studied, including: Fumaria bracteosa Pomel, 1875; Glaucium grandiflorum Boissier & A. Huet,1856; Hypecoum pendulum Linnaeus, 1753; Papaver fugax Poiret,1804; Papaver macrostomum Boissier & A. Huet, 1867; Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus, 1753 and Roemeria refracta de Candolle,1821. The results showed that the anticlinal cell walls of the adaxial surface were more thickened in P. fugax, H. pendulum, P. macrostomum and R.refracta, while it was thin in P. rhoeas. The cur
... Show MoreIn this investigation, metal matrix composites (MMCs) were manufactured by using powder technology. Aluminum 6061 is reinforced with two different ceramics particles (SiC and B4C) with different volume fractions as (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. %). The most important applications of particulate reinforcement of aluminum matrix are: Pistons, Connecting rods etc. The specimens were prepared by using aluminum powder with 150 µm in particle size and SiC, B4C powder with 200 µm in particle size. The chosen powders were mixed by using planetary mixing setup at 250 rpm for 4hr.with zinc stearate as an activator material in steel ball milling. After mixing process the powders were compacted by hydraulic
... Show MoreThe effect of D phase polyamide (PA6)on the rheological properties, Young Modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient of two blends groups (bitumen-polyamide) were tested. The first group was for bitumen-PA6 blends and the second group for bitumen blended with polymer resulted from the crystallization of PA6-formic acid solution in water(PAFW).The obtained results proved that adding both types of polyamide has led to a rise in toughness and softening point temperature while the penetration Index approached -3 after adding the polyamide. So, all these changes make bitumen-polyamide blends more suitable for use in hot climate regions. The blends properties were explained according to the reaction that takes place between the polyamide and
... Show MoreResilient polymeric materials such as silicone elastomers are currently used for maxillofacial prostheses construction but the strength of these materials and their clinical performance need to be optimized with the addition of reinforcing fillers. This study investigates the effect of zirconia nanopowder addition on tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore A hardness, surface roughness and cytotoxicity of VST-50 maxillofacial silicone. Silicone base was mixed with different amounts (1%, 2% and 3%) of zirconia nanopowder using a vacuum mixer. Silicone without filler was used as control for comparison. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy were utilized to assess the efficiency of high-shear vacuum mixin
... Show More— In light of the pandemic that has swept the world, the use of e-learning in educational institutions has become an urgent necessity for continued knowledge communication with students. Educational institutions can benefit from the free tools that Google provide and from these applications, Google classroom which is characterized by ease of use, but the efficiency of using Google classroom is affected by several variables not studied in previous studies Clearly, this study aimed to identify the use of Google classroom as a system for managing e-learning and the factors affecting the performance of students and lecturer. The data of this study were collected from 219 members of the faculty and students at the College of Administra
... Show MoreFriction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt. This process uses a nonconsumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force, etc., and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation an attempt
has been made to understand the effect of tool pin profile and rotation diameter on microstructure and mechanical properties in aluminum alloy (2218-T72). Five different tool pin profiles (straight cylindrical, threaded cylindrical, triangular, square, and threaded cylindrical with flat), with three different rotation
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Background: The geriatric patients wearing removable partial dentures are increasing in proportion. At the same time, the root caries prevalence accompanied by gingival recession is increasing. A variety of vehicles can deliver fluoride into the oral cavity, including fluoride mouth-rinse, fluoride dentifrice, topical fluoride, and fluoride-releasing restorative materials, all of which effectively prevent root caries and suppress recurrent caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium fluoride addition on some mechanical properties of heat cure acrylic denture base material. Material and method: A total of 90 samples were prepared in this study, then divided into three main groups according to the type of test used (hardness, te
... Show MoreIntegrated reservoir rock typing in carbonate reservoirs is a significant step in reservoir modelling. The key purpose of this study is the identification of integrated rock types in the Sarvak Formation of an Iranian oilfield. In this study, electrofacies (EFAC) analysis of the Sarvak reservoir was done in detail to determine the reservoir quality and rock types of the Sarvak Formation in the studied field. The core data and conventional petrophysical logs were used for rock typing. Some petrophysical logs such as porosity, sonic, neutron, density, and Photo electric factor were applied as input data for electrofacies analysis. Multi-Resolution Graph-Based Clustering was used among six approaches, resulting in four electrofacies af
... Show MoreThe research presents the reliability. It is defined as the probability of accomplishing any part of the system within a specified time and under the same circumstances. On the theoretical side, the reliability, the reliability function, and the cumulative function of failure are studied within the one-parameter Raleigh distribution. This research aims to discover many factors that are missed the reliability evaluation which causes constant interruptions of the machines in addition to the problems of data. The problem of the research is that there are many methods for estimating the reliability function but no one has suitable qualifications for most of these methods in the data such