Computer systems and networks are being used in almost every aspect of our daily life; as a result the security threats to computers and networks have also increased significantly. Traditionally, password-based user authentication is widely used to authenticate legitimate user in the current system0T but0T this method has many loop holes such as password sharing, shoulder surfing, brute force attack, dictionary attack, guessing, phishing and many more. The aim of this paper is to enhance the password authentication method by presenting a keystroke dynamics with back propagation neural network as a transparent layer of user authentication. Keystroke Dynamics is one of the famous and inexpensive behavioral biometric technologies, which identifies a user based on the analysis of his/her typing rhythm. This paper utilizes keystroke features including dwell time (DT), flight time (FT), up-up time (UUT), and a mixture of theses features as keystroke representation. The back propagation neural network is trained with the mean of keystroke timing information for each character of password. These times are used to discriminate between the authentic users and impostors. Results of the experiments demonstrate that the backpropagation network with UUT features comparable to combination of DT and FT. Also, the results of backpropagation with combination of DT, FT and UUT provide low False Alarm Rate (FAR) and False Reject Rate (FRR) and high accuracy.
The need for an efficient method to find the furthermost appropriate document corresponding to a particular search query has become crucial due to the exponential development in the number of papers that are now readily available to us on the web. The vector space model (VSM) a perfect model used in “information retrieval”, represents these words as a vector in space and gives them weights via a popular weighting method known as term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). In this research, work has been proposed to retrieve the most relevant document focused on representing documents and queries as vectors comprising average term term frequency inverse sentence frequency (TF-ISF) weights instead of representing them as v
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Computer vision seeks to mimic the human visual system and plays an essential role in artificial intelligence. It is based on different signal reprocessing techniques; therefore, developing efficient techniques becomes essential to achieving fast and reliable processing. Various signal preprocessing operations have been used for computer vision, including smoothing techniques, signal analyzing, resizing, sharpening, and enhancement, to reduce reluctant falsifications, segmentation, and image feature improvement. For example, to reduce the noise in a disturbed signal, smoothing kernels can be effectively used. This is achievedby convolving the distributed signal with smoothing kernels. In addition, orthogonal moments (OMs) are a cruc
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The production of biodiesel generates soap impurities that hinder biodiesel performance and complicate its purification. This study presents a novel approach for soap removal from biodiesel using NiO–doped ZnO nanoparticle (NP) adsorbent. The NPs are synthesized using a gliding arc discharge (GAD) method as a non-thermal plasma source (NTP). NiO doping reduced the bandgap energy by 74%, reduced the crystallite size, and increased the surface area by 78%, entailing lattice strain and structural modifications. Soap removal efficiency was 99.7% for NiO–doped ZnO within 16 min, compared with 95.5% for ZnO. Soap uptake as high as 2320 mg/g NiO–doped ZnO was reported, which could be equally fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms su
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Metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon related to people's cultures. It is an integral part of cultural heritage. This paper tackles the use of animal-based metaphors in the field of football club titles so as to draw comparisons between those in Russian with their counterparts in Arabic. Names of animals are used to refer to some clubs and teams, where these names or titles reflect animal features such as strength, preying on victims; or animal figures are employed in the club symbols, or due to the similarity of the club shirt to the animal outer shapes in colours. For instance, "an-Nawaris", which means gulls in English, is used to refer to az-Zawraa club du
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in recent years cryptography has played a big role especially in computer science for information security block cipher and public
Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and let M be a unitary left R-module. M is called Z-regular if every cyclic submodule (equivalently every finitely generated) is projective and direct summand. And a module M is F-regular if every submodule of M is pure. In this paper we study a class of modules lies between Z-regular and F-regular module, we call these modules regular modules.
Inˑthis work, we introduce the algebraic structure of semigroup with KU-algebra is called KU-semigroup and then we investigate some basic properties of this structure. We define the KU-semigroup and several examples are presented. Also,we study some types of ideals in this concept such as S-ideal,k- ideal and P-ideal.The relations between these types of ideals are discussed and few results for product S-ideals of product KU-semigroups are given. Furthermore, few results of some ideals in KU-semigroup under homomorphism are discussed.
We present the concept of maps Γ- periodi2 on Γ -near-ring S. Our main goal is to research and explore the presence and mapping traits such as h Γ –hom anti-Γ –hom, Γ –α-derivations of Γ -periodi2 on Γ- near-rings.