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Evaluation of the Accuracy of Machine Learning Classifiers and Spectral Indices in Land Cover Classification
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Population growth and economic and industrial development coupled have significantly accelerated the rate of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes, particularly in developing countries, so finding optimum ways to observe these change has become a pressing issue. Quantification evaluation of these changes is crucial to comprehend and oversee land management conversion, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of various algorithms for LULC classification to determine the most effective classifier for Earth observation applications. The performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) was examined in this study, based on Sentinel 2A satellite images. The accuracy of those classifiers was evaluated using the Kappa Coefficient and normalized difference index-based verification. The findings indicate that all classifiers exhibit high accuracy levels with variations. The RF algorithm had the highest Kappa coefficient of 0.90, while the KNN algorithm the lowest of 0.76. The accuracy values for RF, SVM, ML, and KNN were 93.1%, 91.2%, 86.2%, and 82.5%, respectively. Results from this study using index-based LULC show that the RF classifier outperforms the others. The results of this study can be used in monitoring LULC change tasks.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 31 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
FDPHI: Fast Deep Packet Header Inspection for Data Traffic Classification and Management
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Traffic classification is referred to as the task of categorizing traffic flows into application-aware classes such as chats, streaming, VoIP, etc. Most systems of network traffic identification are based on features. These features may be static signatures, port numbers, statistical characteristics, and so on. Current methods of data flow classification are effective, they still lack new inventive approaches to meet the needs of vital points such as real-time traffic classification, low power consumption, ), Central Processing Unit (CPU) utilization, etc. Our novel Fast Deep Packet Header Inspection (FDPHI) traffic classification proposal employs 1 Dimension Convolution Neural Network (1D-CNN) to automatically learn more representational c

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 03 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Satellite Images Unsupervised Classification Using Two Methods Fast Otsu and K-means
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Satellite Images Unsupervised Classification Using Two Methods Fast Otsu and K-means
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Two unsupervised classifiers for optimum multithreshold are presented; fast Otsu and k-means. The unparametric methods produce an efficient procedure to separate the regions (classes) by select optimum levels, either on the gray levels of image histogram (as Otsu classifier), or on the gray levels of image intensities(as k-mean classifier), which are represent threshold values of the classes. In order to compare between the experimental results of these classifiers, the computation time is recorded and the needed iterations for k-means classifier to converge with optimum classes centers. The variation in the recorded computation time for k-means classifier is discussed.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 31 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Information And Communication Technology
EEG Signal Classification Based on Orthogonal Polynomials, Sparse Filter and SVM Classifier
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This work implements an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal classifier. The implemented method uses Orthogonal Polynomials (OP) to convert the EEG signal samples to moments. A Sparse Filter (SF) reduces the number of converted moments to increase the classification accuracy. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify the reduced moments between two classes. The proposed method’s performance is tested and compared with two methods by using two datasets. The datasets are divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing, with 5 -fold used for cross-validation. The results show that this method overcomes the accuracy of other methods. The proposed method’s best accuracy is 95.6% and 99.5%, respectively. Finally, from the results, it

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 24 2026
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EEG Lossless Signal Compression Based on Magnitude Classification and Run Length Encoding
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Synthesis, Spectral and Antibacterial Activity of Mixed Ligand from Lanthanium (III) Complexes of Schiff Base Ligand with Some Amino Acids
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In this work, lanthanium (III) complexes were synthesized using by Schiff base ligand (L) derived from benzaldehyde and o-aminoaniline with five amino acids (AA) from glycine (Gly), L-alanine (Ala), L-valine (Val), L-asparagine (Asp) and DL- phenylalanine (Phe). The Schiff base ligand has been characterized by elemental analysis, (MASS, FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, UV-VIS) electronic spectra. The structures of the new complexes have been described of analysis of elements, molar conductivity, (UV-Vis electronic, FTIR, mass) spectra also magnetic moment. The molar conductivity values of the complexes indicat this every of complexes are electrolytes and other analytical studies reveal octahedral geometry for La (III) ion. The Schiff base ligand, five

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation and Spectral Study of New Complexes of Some Metal Ions with 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl Phenyl Methanone
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Many complexes of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl phenyl methanone with Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV/visible spectra, elemental analysis, room temperature magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity. Cd(II) complex was expected to have tetrahedral structure while all the other complexes were expected to have an octahedral structure.

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Publication Date
Tue May 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Mustansiriyah Of Sports Science
The Impact of an Educational Curriculum according to the Five-year Learning Cycle on Some Offensive Skills in Basketball for Female Students
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Modern trends have appeared recently in educational thought that call for the achievement of the outcomes of the educational process. Some of these trends are the development of individual thinking skills, considering the individual differences, and learning basic skills. The five-year learning cycle is one of these models. It is called as five-year learning cycle because it passes through five stages. These five stages are: (operate - discover - clarify - expand – Evaluate), which make the learner as the main axis for activating thinking processes. This can be done by organizing study materials through research, investigation, and identifying concepts by himself, as in learning sports skills that depend on motor performance and teamwork,

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
نسق
Problems and Difficulties Faced by Iraqi University Students in Employing Distance Learning
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
New Trends in Teaching and Learning Theory Dr. Jasim Muhammad Abdul- Slamy
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New trends in teaching and learning theory are considered a theoretical axis
from which came the background that depends on any source, or practice sample or
teaching plane, accuracy and simplicity prevent the development of the teaching
process. Many attempts have come to scene to illuminate the teaching background,
but they have not exceed those remarkable patterns and methods. Thus, the
appearance of the teaching theory have been hindered.
This led to the need for research and development in the field of teaching to
find out a specific teaching theory according to the modern trends and concepts.
Teaching is regarded a humanitarian process which aims at helping those who
want to acquire knowledge, since teach

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