The growing demand for optical fibers is due to their superior the ability to transmit information with high efficiency and minimal loss across extensive distances. In this study, four optical fibers with core radii ranging from (2.05-5.05) μm, and with a numerical aperture of 0.1624 were analyzed. The modal properties of these fibers were calculated at a wavelength of 1030 nm using the RP Fiber Calculator software (free version 2025). Furthermore, the impact of increasing the core radius on these properties was examined. The results showed that multimode fibers are formed when the core radius is much larger than the wavelength used. In contrast, single-mode fiber is obtained when this condition is not met. Five modes properties were calculated: cut-off wavelength, effective area, power in the core, propagation constant and effective refractive index. The geometric distribution of the amplitudes of all modes was graphically represented.
Abstract
The current research aims at identifying any of the dimensions of organizational learning abilities that are more influential in the knowledge capital of the university and the extent to which they can be applied effectively at Wasit University. The current research dealt with organizational learning abilities as an explanatory variable in four dimensions (Experimentation and openness, sharing and transfer of knowledge, dialogue, interaction with the external environment ), and knowledge capital as a transient variable, with four dimensions (human capital, structural capital, client capital, operational capital). The problem of research is the following questio
... Show MoreThe study aimed to identify the degree of academic leaders practices at the University of Northern Border for creative leadership, which attribute to different variables (nature of work, employer, gender, years of experience in administrative work at the university). To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach survey. Therefore, the researcher used a questionnaire as a study tool, which consisted of (40) items that included dimensions (sensitivity to problems, initiative, originality, flexibility). The study sample consisted of (240) participants included (agents of colleges, and supporting deanships, and their employees) during the second semester of the academic year 1439/1440 AH. The results showed t
... Show MoreThis contribution investigates the impact of adding transition metal of Ti to CeOy samples at various concentrations referring to 0, 15.84, 24.46, 34.46, 36.23, 38.46, 45.38% and pure TiOy, correspondingly. The samples were fabricated by the magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) configurations demonstrate the presence of α-Ce2O3 and Ce2O3 phases with increased Ti contents in the systems. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experimentation confirms the purity of the S1-sample (CeO2) and the purity of the S8-sample (TiO2). Further XPS analysis reveals that Ti incorporation in the doped systems functions as a reducing agent because of the existence of α-Ce2O3 and Ce2O3 phases. Moreover, based on UV–vis spectroscopy res
... Show MoreElectrochemical method was used to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Size of matter was nature when evaluate via X-ray diffraction (XRD). A distinct peak at 2θ equal to 31.6° and three other small peaks at 38.28°, 56.41° and 66.12° were observed. The measures of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the bonds in the transmittance spectrum are manufactured with carbon nanostructures in view. The first peaks are the O–H stretching vibration bands at (3417 and 2922) cm−1, (C–O–H at 1400, and 1317) cm−1, (C–H), (C=C), (C–O–H), (C=O), and (C–O) bonds at 2850, 1668, 1101, and 1026 cm−1 sequentially. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results presented that the spherical CQDs are in shape and on a
... Show MoreThis contribution investigates the impact of adding transition metal of Ti to CeOy samples at various concentrations referring to 0, 15.84, 24.46, 34.46, 36.23, 38.46, 45.38% and pure TiOy, correspondingly. The samples were fabricated by the magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) configurations demonstrate the presence of α-Ce2O3 and Ce2O3 phases with increased Ti contents in the systems. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experimentation confirms the purity of the S1-sample (CeO2) and the purity of the S8-sample (TiO2). Further XPS analysis reveals that Ti incorporation in the doped systems functions as a reducing agent because of the existence of α-Ce2O3 and Ce2O3 phases. Moreover, based on UV–vis spectroscopy res
... Show MoreIn this study, silica-graphene oxide nano–composites were prepared by sol-gel technique and deposited by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrate. The effect of changing the graphene/silica ratio on the optical properties and wetting of these nano–structures has been investigated. The structural and morphological properties of the thin films have been studied by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). XRD results show that silica structures present in the synthesized films exhibit amorphous character and there is a poor arrangement in graphene plates al
The research aims to examine the evaluation of educational quality management and the ways to improve it in the College of Education for Women at the University of Baghdad from the point of view of the academic staff. The research community consisted of (288) participants comprising all members of the academic staff in the College of Education for Women at the University of Baghdad for the academic year (2019-2020). As for the questionnaire, it was distributed to the academic staff of the scientific departments according to their affiliation for the purpose of identifying the availability of the requirements of the quality of the teaching service provided to them by the educational institution. The researcher adopted a questionnaire deve
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