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Evaluation of Gas and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage GDWS-AGD Process in Saturated Oil Reservoirs with Infinite-Acting Aquifer
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Abstract<p>A hybrid Gas-Enhanced and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) process has been suggested to enhance oil recovery by placing vertical injectors for CO2 at the top of the reservoir with a series of horizontal oil-producing and water-drainage wells located above and below the oil-water contact, respectively. The injected gas builds a gas cap that drives the oil to the (upper) oil-producing wells while the bottom water-drainage wells control water cresting. The hybrid process of GDWS-AGD process has been first developed and tested in vertical wells to minimize water cut in reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong water coning tendencies. The wells were dual-completed with 7-inch production casing and 2-3/8 inch tubings and perforated above the oil-water contact (OWC) for oil production and below OWC for water drainage. The two completions were hydraulically isolated inside the well by a packer. The bottom (water sink) completion drained water with a submersible pump.</p><p>The GDWS-AGD was efficiently adopted to improve oil recovery at the PUNQ saturated oil field. The PUNQ Field has an infinite active aquifer with very strong edge and bottom water drives. A black oil reservoir flow model was implemented for CO2 flooding simulation of the GDWS-AGD process in comparison with the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process. The comparison was performed to obtain the clearest image about the performance of the combined GDWS-AGD process. Next, Design of Experiments (DoE) and proxy modeling were incorporated to find the most sensitive parameters that affect the GDWS-AGD process performance. The candidate parameters are porosity, horizontal and vertical permeability for each layer, radius of aquifer and rock compressibility.</p><p>In the GDWS-AGD, the produced water not only reduced water cut and coning, but also significantly reduced the reservoir pressure, resulting in improving gas injectivity. In addition, the GDWS-AGD process improved cumulative oil production. More specifically, the results showed that cumulative oil production increased from 3.8*105m3 to 4.7*105m3 and water cut decreased from 97% to 92% in all the horizontal oil producers. For the proxy model, it was cleared from Sobol analysis that the porosity for layer 5 was more influential parameter than others on cumulative oil through GDWS-AGD process with 31% main effects and 0.025% interaction effects, while the horizontal permeability for layer 4 was the most influential parameter with 24% main effects and 1.5% interaction effects. The novelty of GDWS-AGD process comes from its effectiveness to improve oil recovery with reducing the water coning, water cut, and improving gas injectivity. This leads to more economic implementation, especially with respect to the operational surface facilities.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Development of Intelligent Control Strategy for an Anesthesia System Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network Like PID Controller
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Project Management Maturity Model to Evaluate Construction Sector -Organizations. Case Study at the Department of buildings - Karkh first
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The education sector suffers from many problems, including the scarcity of schools that can absorb the increasing number of students in light of the increasing population growth rate, as some regions suffer from a lack of opening of new schools or the expansion of existing schools to increase their capacity so that attention is required. The research sought to identify the level of maturity of project management at the research site (Building Department in Al-Karkh I/ Ministry of Education) Being responsible for educational projects and their implementation and to know that, the ten areas of the knowledge guide to project management PMBOK have been adopted according to the PM3 model (one of the models of maturity

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
A Comparative Study for the Accuracy of Three Molecular Docking Programs Using HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors as a Model
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Flexible molecular docking is a computational method of structure-based drug design to evaluate binding interactions between receptor and ligand and identify the ligand conformation within the receptor pocket. Currently, various molecular docking programs are extensively applied; therefore, realizing accuracy and performance of the various docking programs could have a significant value. In this comparative study, the performance and accuracy of three widely used non-commercial docking software (AutoDock Vina, 1-Click Docking, and UCSF DOCK) was evaluated through investigations of the predicted binding affinity and binding conformation of the same set of small molecules (HIV-1 protease inhibitors) and a protein target HIV-1 protease enzy

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Remediation of Congo Red-Contaminated Groundwater by using a Permeable Reactive Barrier Through Modified Waterworks Sludge MgAl-LDH
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This investigation aims to explore the potential of waterworks sludge (WS), low-cost byproduct of water treatment processes, as a sorbent for removing Congo Red (CR) dyes. This will be achieved by precipitating nano-sized (MgAl-LDH)-layered double hydroxide onto the surface of the sludge. The efficiency of utilizing MgAl-LDH to modify waterworks sludge (MWS) for use in permeable reactive barrier technology was confirmed through analysis with Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The isotherm model was employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms involved in the process. Furthermore, the COMSOL model was utilized to establish a continuous testing model for the analysis of contaminant transport under diverse conditions. A st

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 17 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The National Public Radio station (NPR) Coverage of U.S. Presidential Election Campaigns 2020 (Research drawn from a Ph.D. thesis)
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This study aimed at examining the role played by the media outlets during the coverage
of the presidential election campaigns 2020 of the United States of America.
The analytical study used through a partial inventory of the research community
for almost three months from the announcement of the candidates’ names by
the major parties on August 13 to November 6، which is the official election day in
the U.S. National Public Radio Station (NPR) to achieve the objectives of the study.
The study reached a number of conclusions related to the contents، methods and
sources of media coverage of the election campaigns of the 2020 U.S. at the mentioned
station، where the researcher proposed a number of recommendations

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improvement the bearing capacity of the soil which is supporting the shallow foundation by using bored short micro-piles
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In this paper , concrete micro-piles were used to improve the bearing capacity of the soil which is supporting the shallow foundation by using groups of (4; 6 and 9)bored short micro-piles which have, (D=0.125m and D=0.1m), and length to diameter ratio (L/D) equal to (6; 10 and 12) respectively. To calculate the bearing capacity of the micro-piles,(Tomlinson) and (Lamda) methods were used; also the soil properties were taken from Al-Muthana airport,(Al-Qyssi,2001) [1]. The results show that; increasing the number of piles and/ or the diameters and lengths; and the interaction between the bearing capacity of the shallow foundation with the bearing capacity of the pile group which leads to increasing the strength against the external loads

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Computer Methods And Programs In Biomedicine
A hybrid approach based on multiple Eigenvalues selection (MES) for the automated grading of a brain tumor using MRI
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 23 2022
Journal Name
Dental Hypotheses
Remineralization of Dentine Caries Using Moringa Oleifera Based Nano-Silver Fluoride: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 06 2020
Journal Name
Scientific Reports
Waste foundry sand/MgFe-layered double hydroxides composite material for efficient removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution
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Abstract<p>We aimed to obtain magnesium/iron (Mg/Fe)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoparticles-immobilized on waste foundry sand-a byproduct of the metal casting industry. XRD and FT-IR tests were applied to characterize the prepared sorbent. The results revealed that a new peak reflected LDHs nanoparticles. In addition, SEM-EDS mapping confirmed that the coating process was appropriate. Sorption tests for the interaction of this sorbent with an aqueous solution contaminated with Congo red dye revealed the efficacy of this material where the maximum adsorption capacity reached approximately 9127.08 mg/g. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models helped to describe the sorption measure</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Developed Colorimetric Assay Using Unmodified Gold Nanoparticles for the Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Different Clinical Samples
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  Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii ) is considered a critical healthcare problem for patients in intensive care units due to its high ability to be multidrug-resistant to most commercially available antibiotics. The aim of this study is to develop a colorimetric assay to quantitatively detect the target DNA of A. baumannii based on unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from different clinical samples (burns, surgical wounds, sputum, blood and urine). A total of thirty-six A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from five Iraqi hospitals in Erbil and Mosul provinces within the period from September 2020 to January 2021. Bacterial isolation and biochemical identification of isolates

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