Background Methotrexate (MTX) is a classical folic acid antagonist widely used in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, its clinical application is often restricted by concomitant adverse effects, including renal damage. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in mediating MTX-related nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the possible renoprotective action of Citronellol (CT), a natural compound with prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, against nephrotoxicity induced by MTX. Methods To fulfill our objective, 24 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, MTX, 100 mg/kg CT plus MTX and 200 mg/kg CT plus MTX. At the end of the study, the experimental rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays, and the kidneys were surgically removed for biochemical and gene expression analyses, after which all rats were sacrificed by exsanguination. Results Compared to the MTX-treated group, our results revealed that pre-supplementation with 100 or 200 mg/kg CT remarkably ameliorated renal damage biomarkers, including serum urea, serum creatinine, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). In addition, pre-treatment with 100 or 200 mg/kg CT enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), diminished renal malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and attenuated inflammation by suppressing renal nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and diminishing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression. Moreover, pre-treatment with 200 mg/kg CT markedly reduced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) gene expression. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that CT can serve as a new promising agent for mitigating nephrotoxicity induced by MTX through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
To assess the effect of Nigella sativa oil as a topical preparation for treatment of oro- genital ulceration of Behcet's disease. This is a double blinded therapeutic trial in which 40 patients with Behcet's disease manifested as recurrent episodes of oral and genital ulceration were enrolled into 2 groups; Nigella sativa oil was applied as 10% in glycerin topically 3 times / daily to the first 20 patients. The other 20 were given glycerin only. Assessment was done 4 days then 8 days after treatment.Results were recorded as they appeared in clinical examination and those records were arranged in tables for both groups concerning oral and genital ulceration cases.Nigella sativa oil is a new topical agent for promotion of healing of o
... Show MoreObjective: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of preoperative psycho - education al
program on cardiac surgery patients information and their level of stress. And find out the differences
in the Psycho educational
program with regard to patients demographic characteristics such as age and gender.
Methodology Aquazi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of
preoperative education program on stress for cardiac surgery patients in Baghdad city from the 28th of
March, 2010 , to 19th of September ,2011.
The preoperative psycho - educational program, as well as the questionnaire was constructed as a tool of
data collection for the purpose of the study. Purposive (non probability) s
These factors, as well as disasters and wars that the Arab homeland exposed to and still under this exposure, in addition to the severe stress upon.
Iraqi Academics have been subjected to direct consequences of 2003 war. Exact figures are not known. It was mentioned. Many people were killed, sacked from their academics jobs, threatened to leave directly or indirectly their jobs, houses, and Iraq. Others have been imprisoned, tortured, or kidnapped / threatened to be kidnapped etc. Their families have been subjected to similar traumatic experiences or threats. All theses stressors may have lead to Post Traumatic (PTSD) Experiences. These Traumatic experiences have lead to Dislocation, relocation and Immigration etc. All sectors of
... Show MoreObjective(s): to determine the effectiveness of instruction intervention upon multipara women's practices to
control stress incontinence.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was carried out from (2nd) April, 2010 to 15th June, 2010. Nonprobability
(purposive sample) of (60) multiparous women was selected from Baghdad Teaching Hospital and AlElwia
Maternity Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city, the sample was divided into two groups (30) women were
considered as a study group, and another (30) were considered as the control group. An instructional intervention
was applied on the study group, while the intervention was not applied on control group. A questionnaire was
resolve as a tool of data collection to suit the p
Natural frequency under initial stresses for simply supported cross-ply composite laminated plates (E glass- fiber) are obtained using Refind theory (RPT). This theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strain through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The governing equations for Eigen value problem under initial stress are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution for simply supported cross-ply symmetric and antisymmetric laminated plates. The effect of many design factors such as modulus ratio, thickness ratio and number of laminates on the Natural frequency and buckling stresses
... Show MoreBackground: Refractory/relapsed acute leukemia has always been a challenging problem for hematologist. Over the past decade emphasis has been made in the development of regimens containing fludarabine, combined with cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukemias. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in refractory relapsed cases of acute leukaemia,
Methods: a prospective study is being conducted at the national center of hematology and hematology unit /Baghdad teaching hospital from July 2008 to July 2010.Twenty Patients with refractory/relapsed acute leukemia were treated with flud
Three stations were chosen on the water treatment plan of al- madaan .The Samples collected from the (Raw water) and the Sedimentation, filtration and storage water and the drinking water of outlet. Coliform densities T.S and F.C and TS and F.S and total bacterial count as bacteriological pollution indicators, as moste probable number (MPN) method was studied in test. Also some of the chemical characteristics of the water like pH , total suspended solid T.S.S, T.D.D.and S04 , T.Hardness , Ca++ , Mg++ . From the results it were indicated . The study showed the drinking water of outlet (distriputed in system) was agree with WHO criteria and Iraqi limits standards .
Introduction: Dental fear is defined as the patient’s specific reaction towards stress related to dental treatment in which the stimulus is unkn..
Although there are many wastewater treatment plants, we still suffer from many problems resulting from a lack of experience or technical operating problems. In this research, the service’s efficiency is evaluated according to the design laws required for small factories in the province of Najaf, which works with filtering technology through point filtration, the old project in the Al-Baraka plant, and the second works. Within the biological treatment mbbr + activated sludge, which is a biomass technology where samples were taken from both plants and annual values of the pollutant rate after treatment in the old Al-Baraka plant project COD 64 mg/L and the demand for biochemical oxyge
The cinematographer mediates through the means of cinema and television a set of elements complementing each other in the light of developments in various sciences, culture and arts for the purpose of conveying the meaning to the recipient and achieve aesthetic taste. Despite the diversity of cinematographic media with its multiple forms, The researcher started from the principle of definition and knowledge of a technical phenomenon that emerged in the cinematographic medium through the treatment of dramatic events through the solutions of the exit line depends on the narrative of events in one place contributes to attract Mam spectator since this interesting phenomenon in the mediator, there .van question arises the adoption of that vis
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