Antibiotics are essential for treating infectious diseases, but their overuse and adverse effects are raising concerns about global public health. The pervasiveness of antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments has drawn increased attention in recent years. The primary concern regarding the release of antibiotics into the environment is the potential for microorganisms to become resistant to antibiotics. This review article summarizes the analytical methods used to determine the presence of trimethoprim and metronidazole in various environmental samples. These antibiotics have traditionally been analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; fluorescence or ultrav

Citric acid is an essential ingredient for the manufacture of (12) key industrial chemicals. Citric acid use is increasing steadily with a high annual growth rate as a result of the development of ever more sophisticated applications. Citric acid is widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its low toxicity when compared to other acidulous. Other uses for citric acid can be found in cleaning supplies and detergents. Based on information from a review of the literature, Citric acid production substrates and methods for surface fermentation, submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, and international market expansion are all covered in the current review study. Finally, there is still much to learn about the

The paper is highlighting the athletics and heroic sports which encouraged and played at Greek and Islamic period. The paper is identifying the Islamic athletics and heroic sport and compare them with Greek sports, as it is the model of sports while the sport during the Islamic period was not undertaken by scientific researches or articles even in Wikipedia. Although, this period was encouraged and practice many sports such as archery, sword grappling  and wrestling, equestrianism, jogging and running whereas there are many Arabic references revealed during the Islamic 610 A.D. while the Greek and Olympic was known at 732 A.D. The paper is followed the literature review and historical to shied a light scientifically about tradition

This study looks into the many methods that are used in the risk assessment procedure that is used in the construction industry nowadays. As a result of the slow adoption of novel assessment methods, professionals frequently resort to strategies that have previously been validated as being successful. When it comes to risk assessment, having a precise analytical tool that uses the cost of risk as a measurement and draws on the knowledge of professionals could potentially assist bridge the gap between theory and practice. This step will examine relevant literature, sort articles according to their published year, and identify domains and qualities. Consequently, the most significant findings have been presented in a manne

The paper is highlighting the athletics and heroic sports which encouraged and played at Greek and Islamic period. The paper is identifying the Islamic athletics and heroic sport and compare them with Greek sports, as it is the model of sports while the sport during the Islamic period was not undertaken by scientific researches or articles even in Wikipedia. Although, this period was encouraged and practice many sports such as archery, sword grappling and wrestling, equestrianism, jogging and running whereas there are many Arabic references revealed during the Islamic 610 A.D. while the Greek and Olympic was known at 732 A.D. The paper is followed the literature review and historical to shied a light scientifically about traditional sports

Background: Thyroid surgery is most common endocrine surgery in general surgical practice. Objectives: the aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility, benefits and outcomes of open mini-incision thyroidectomy and compared the results with that of conventional thyroidectomy. The comparison between the two groups was in term of incision length, amount of blood loss, time of operation, postoperative pain, hospital stay and the cosmetic outcomes.Type of the study: this is a single-blinded randomized controlled studyMethods: This study compared the advantages and outcomes of 22 patients subjected to mini-incision thyroidectomy (Group A) with the equal numbers of patients subjected to conventional thyroidectomy (Group B).Results: the oper

    تعد مراجعة النظير واحدة من الأســاليب الحديثة فــي مجال الرقابة والتدقيق ونشــأة كأداة لقياس مــدى فاعليــة الرقابــة علــى الجــودة هو لبنة أساسية في إدارة الجودة الشاملة ووسيلة لتحســين أدوات الرقابــة المعمول بها، وللتحقق من مدى الانسجام بين المعايير الدولية للأجهزة العليا للرقابة المالية والمحاسبة والاجراءات المعمول بها من قبل الاجهزة العليا للرقابة وعليه فأن مراجعة النظير أداة تستخدم ف

This narrative review focused on research investigating the impact of loneliness on the prevalence of dementia and its relationship with other risk factors. A comprehensive and rigorous search was conducted using a variety of scientific databases with specific keywords to identify all prior studies that examined the correlation between dementia and loneliness. The inquiry was confined to articles published in English from January 2017 to March 2024. The narrative review identified a consensus regarding the role of loneliness in enhancing the risk of all‐cause dementia, with a particular emphasis on the subjective perception of loneliness. This phenomenon may be caused by the sensations of exclusion, discrimination, and alienation that are

For aspirin estimated, a molecularly imprinted polymer MIP-ASP electrodes were generated by electro-polymerization process, the electrodes were prepared by combining the template (aspirin) with (vinyl acetate (VA), 1-vinylimidizole (VIZ) as a functional monomer and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as crosslinkers using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The efficiency of the membrane electrodes was analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Four electrodes were synthesized using two different plasticizers, di-butyl sebacate (DBS), di-octyl phthalate (DOP) in PVC matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to describe the generated MIP, studying the electrodes properties, the slope, detection limit, and life