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Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) versus dead-soft coaxial bonded retainers: a randomized clinical trial. Part 1. Stability, retainer failure, and participant satisfaction
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was introduced in dentistry as an alternative to metal alloys.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of PEEK-fixed retainers in preserving the stability of mandibular anterior and participant satisfaction as compared to the Dead-soft coaxial fixed retainer (DSC).

Trial design

A single-centre, two-arm parallel groups randomized clinical trial.

Methods

The patients treated with pre-adjusted orthodontic appliances who have a Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) ≤ 0.5 mm have been enrolled in the trial. PEEK retainers were prepared to round 0.8 mm wire by computer-aided design and manufacturing, and the DSC wire was carefully adapted to the lingual surface of the lower anterior teeth. The primary outcome was the stability of lower anterior teeth as assessed by LII, while the secondary outcomes were changes in occlusal parameters, retainer failure, and patient satisfaction. The data were collected at the debonding stage (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after starting the trial, except for patient’s satisfaction, which was recorded using an electronic form at T1 and T6.

Blinding

Single blinding of participants.

Results

A total of 46 participants with an age range of 12–28 years old were randomly allocated to the two groups (n = 23 in each). Only one participant dropped out; therefore, 45 participants were analysed. The DSC group showed a significant increase in LII at T3. Both retainer groups had comparable occlusal measurements, failure frequency, and survival time, with no significant difference. The patients in the DSC group reported a statistically significant perception of change in the position of their teeth compared to those in the PEEK group.

Harms

No harmful effects have been reported.

Limitations

Limited follow-up duration and the inability to blind the operator due to the nature of the intervention.

Conclusions

After 6-month retention, the PEEK retainer was equally effective to DSC retainers in maintaining the teeth alignment, with no significant differences regarding the failure frequency, survival rate, and general patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

https://register.clinicaltrials.gov. (NCT05557136).

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Tue Jan 01 2019
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Teaching-learning design according to constructivist theory models and its impact on the achievement of chemistry among second-year intermediate school female students
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Wed Oct 08 2025
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Improved Performance of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Sensor Based on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Thermally Synthesized Doped with Silver Nanoparticles and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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The present work reports an approach of hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods, which simplifies the production of low cost films with controlled morphology for H2S gas sensor application. The prepared ZnO nanorods exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite phase analyzed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The FTIR spectra provide information that the band located between 465-570 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching bond of Zn-O, which confirms the creation of ZnO. PL spectroscopic studies showed that the doping of Ag NPs and f-MWCNT in the ZnO matrix leads to the tuning of the bandgap. The SEM analysis showed the morphology of ZnO was the nanorods. The nanocomposites Ag/ZnO and F-MWCNT/ZnO which prepared, sep

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Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)
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Thu Dec 01 2016
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THE role of Organizational flexibility and its impact in responding to achieve higher performance requirements; Field research in the General Directorate of Municipalities.
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of regulatory flexibility dimensions (formal and authoritarian procedures) to achieve response to the requirements of high performance dimensions (the effective recruitment, intensive training, motivate employees, participation of workers) in the general municipal Directorate as one of the directorates of the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works. For the purpose of this measure it has been selected sample composed of 88 individuals from the research community represents the levels of assistant general manager of department heads and managers of people and some of the staff to answer the questionnaire prepared for the purpose Hama

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Tue Jun 30 2020
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The role of business incubators represented by the banking system in financing small and medium enterprises in Iraq for the period 2000-2010
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The process of transformation from the central economy to a free economy requires restructuring the economy according to a new economic philosophy that relies on activating the role of private economic activity in which private and medium-sized institutions occupy an essential axis for their active role in the economies of all countries, especially those countries that have directed towards the market mechanism and sector leadership. The special process of economic development and the role that commercial banks can play in advancing the financing of these projects by establishing specialized business incubators for financing.

What encouraged countries to pay attention to these institutions is the ease of

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Tue Jul 01 2008
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Synthesis of 1,3 – Diazepine -4-7 diones Analogue to valium which is used for the control of anxiety, tension states and an antidepressant
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Oxazepine [1] is non – nomologous seven –member ring  that contain two netroatoms (oxygen and nitrogen ). Meanwhile diazepine [2] contains to nitrogen atoms in seven – member  ring.

       
     
   
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diazepam (valium) [3] is used to relive anxiety tension associated with anxiety disorder and muscle spasms (1, 2, 3

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Wed Jul 01 2020
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Breast intraductal nanoformulations for treating ductal carcinoma in situ I: Exploring metal-ion complexation to slow ciclopirox release, enhance mammary persistence and efficacy
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An Experimental Study of the Server-based Unfairness Solutions for the Cross-Protocol Scenario of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2
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Since the introduction of the HTTP/3, research has focused on evaluating its influences on the existing adaptive streaming over HTTP (HAS). Among these research, due to irrelevant transport protocols, the cross-protocol unfairness between the HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) and HAS over HTTP/2 (HAS/2) has caught considerable attention. It has been found that the HAS/3 clients tend to request higher bitrates than the HAS/2 clients because the transport QUIC obtains higher bandwidth for its HAS/3 clients than the TCP for its HAS/2 clients. As the problem originates from the transport layer, it is likely that the server-based unfairness solutions can help the clients overcome such a problem. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study of the se

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Sun Dec 07 2014
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Adsorption of some Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution on Iraqi Rice Bran and Its Relation to the Physical Properties of these Metal Ions
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Adsorption studies were carried out to test the ability of the Iraqi rice bran (Amber type) to adsorb some metals divalent cations (Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) as an alternative tool to remove these pollutants from water. The Concentrations of these ions in water were measured using flame and flamless atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques. The applicability of the adsorption isotherm on Langmuir or Freundlisch equation were tested and found to be dependent on the type of ions. The results showed different adsorptive behavior and different capacities of the adsorption of the ions on the surface of the bran. The correlation between the amounts adsorbed and different cation parameters including (electronegativity, io

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
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Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use sensitivity analysis in evaluating projects Investment under the conditions of risk and uncertainty Case study of glass bottles project in Anbar province
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This paper studies the investment project evaluation under the condition of uncertainty. Evaluation of investment project under risk and uncertainty is possible to be carried out through application of various methods and techniques. The best known methods are : Risk-adjusted discount rate , certainty equivalent method , Sensitivity analysis and Simulation method The objective of this study is using the sensitivity analysis in evaluation Glass Bottles project  in Anbar province under the condition of risk and uncertainty.

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