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Increasing confidence in full field modelling and water flood planning for a giant reservoir under primary depletion through Material Balance modelling
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Abstract<p>One of the principle inputs to project economics and all business decisions is a realistic production forecast and a practical and achievable development plan (i.e. waterflood). Particularly this becomes challenging in supergiant oil fields with medium to low lateral connectivity. The main objectives of the Production Forecast and feasibility study for water injection are:</p><p>1- Provide an overview of the total expected production profile, expected wells potential/spare capacity, water breakthrough timing and water cut development over time</p><p>2- Highlight the requirements to maintain performance, suggest the optimum development pattern</p><p>3- Increasing confidence in business decisions to develop the reservoir in question</p><p>The main tool used for these purposes is a sophisticated reservoir simulation software, namely CMG©, since it can predict reservoir behavior, honor physical constraints and capture the heterogeneity within the reservoir to accurately predict performance. However, the starting point for this kind of complicated studies needs to start from the basics, in order to understand the big picture and be able to plan properly for the scope to be delivered, hence, utilizing analytical tools like MBAL becomes quite necessary, if not crucial, to the success of full field modelling and choosing an optimum water flood pattern and design.</p><p>This paper covers the methodology for building the reservoir component utilizing a Material Balance model, of which the results will be used as an input to reservoir simulation to evaluate and accurately predict reservoir performance, which directly feeds into planning for water flooding projects and selection of an optimum flood pattern.</p><p>A Tank model was built at first to assess and understand the driving forces (energies) of the reservoir in question, utilizing pressure and production data from legacy wells, the prepared model is also supported by geological and petro physical studies to give representative results. Acquired Static Bottom Hole Pressures (SBHPs) in wells were used as anchor points for the tank pressure and to test the validity of the history match. Multiple analytical methods to QC the results and STOIIP volume were conducted, e.g. the Havlena-Odeh method.</p><p>This methodology has been tested successfully in the stated super giant oil field, in which the reservoir in question is a carbonate rock formation. An example of this is covered in the paper. It was concluded that utilizing a history matched and coherent MBAL model before conducting a detailed reservoir simulation study can save a lot of time and effort by providing guidance to the path which needs to be followed, and sheds light on the critical elements to be looked after. This has also helped to uncover the driving mechanisms and energies in the reservoir, hence allowing the engineer to plan for the necessary voidage replacement and water injection rates to sustain the reservoir pressure and pattern development. Another technical advantage of the described method is the higher sustainability of the model.</p><p>The suggested method, in combination with geological and petro physical information available, can be applied to majority of the reservoirs. This combination is paramount to ensure optimum time and planning that is followed for each reservoir development study that involves water flooding.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Accounting Disclosure for non-current intangible assets according to international accounting standard (IAS16, 36): A Comparative Study of the State Company for Travelers and delegates Transportations
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The Accounting Disclosure for non-current intangible assets is necessary to rely on accounting information by decision makers in the economic unity, two international accounting standards issued (IAS16,36), which aims to provide the foundations of the recognition, measurement and disclosure of appropriate assets Non-current tangible. (IAS16) allowed to use re-evaluation approach to measure assets entrance due to the inadequacy of the accounting information resulting from the application of the historical cost of the entrance under increasing technical developments and continuing that leave clear their effects on non-current intangible assets, As well as the requirements of what came (IAS36) the importance of accounting for the impairment

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 15 2021
Journal Name
Psychology And Education Journal
Property and Possession in Gayl Jones’s Novel Corregidora: A Study in African American Literature and Literary Theory
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the traumatic memory of their ancestors. The novel navigates sites of trauma, memory, and blues music while resisting the bourgeoisie-capitalist relationships that permeated not only white society but also African American communities. Jones’s novel presents the plight of an African American woman, Ursa, caught between the memory of her enslaved foremothers and her life in an emancipated world. The physical and spiritual exploitation of African American women who bear witness to the history of slavery in Corregidora materializes black women’s individuality. This article is framed by trauma studies as well as the Marxists’ concepts of commodification, accumulation, and production. Ursa, one of the Corregidora women, represents

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2026
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Medical Sciences
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FRUCTOSE, ZINC AND COPPER LEVELS IN SEMINAL PLASMA IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE MEN
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Background: Human semen contains high concentrations of fructose, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in bound and ionic forms for Zn and Cu. The presence of abnormal levels of fructose and those trace elements may affect spermatogenesis with regard to production, maturation, motility and fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa.Objective: To evaluate the levels of fructose, Zn and Cu in seminal plasma in different groups of male infertility and to correlate their concentrations with various sperm parameters.Methods: The concentrations of fructose, Zn and Cu were measured in 114 semen samples from normozoospermic, oligozoospermic, astheno-zoospermic, and azoospermic men using the electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry for Zn and Cu determinatio

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 28 2025
Journal Name
Arabian Journal For Science And Engineering
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability in Middle Eastern Oil and Gas: A Review
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This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming operations across exploration, production, and refining in the Middle Eastern oil and gas sector. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study analyzes AI adoption in upstream, midstream, and downstream activities, with a focus on predictive maintenance, emission monitoring, and digital transformation. It identifies both opportunities and challenges in applying AI to achieve environmental and economic goals. Although adoption levels vary across the region, countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar are leading initiatives that align with global sustainability targets.

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Ain Shams University
New Studies for Topological Generalizations and Uncertainty in Graph Theory
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Topology and its applications occupy the interest of many researching centers in the advanced world. From this point of view and because the near open sets play a very important role in general topology and they are now the research topics of many topologists worldwide and its sets doesn’t enter in fibrewise topology yet. Therefore, we use some of the near open sets to be model for introduce results and new spaces in fibrewise topological spaces. Also, there is a very important role of closure operators in constructing a topological spaces, so we introduce a new closure operators on the power set of vertices on graphs and conclusion theorems and new spaces from it. Furthermore, we discuss the relationships of connectedness between some ty

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Practice Periodical On Structural Design And Construction
Best Practice Strategies for Workforce Development and Sustainability in Construction
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Determination of Some Volatile Organic Compounds in the water produced at Al-Ahdab oilfield in the Governorate of Wasit, Iraq using Headspace SPE-GC-FID
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The study was conducted over the period of Oct 2018 to Apr 2019 and is aimed for the detection and estimation of four hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds VOC (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) so-called (BTEX) in samples collected from the produced water in the Al-Ahdab oil field in Iraq also to track their availability in the important natural water sources around the field. These compounds pose a risk to human health as well as environment. To avoid the laborious and tiresome conventional extraction methods, water samples were collected and concentrated using solid-phase extraction technique (SPE) which is a robust and cost-effective method of sample extraction with minimal exposure and handling of solvents and then to be analy

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the Organic-Pollution Based on the Determination of some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Tigris River Water in 2012 at Baghdad City , Iraq
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This study aims to predict the organic pollution produced from the presence of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and determination it's concentrations (µg/L , ppb) in Tigris river water by a collection twenty-seven water samples from a selected three stations with nine sampling sites and three depths of water (5 cm , 2 m and 4 m) each site for 4.6 km distance of a geographic studied area which is located between the ( Al-Senak and AL-Sarrafiah bridges ) at Baghdad city – Iraq on May, 2012. The geographic location was determined with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) software program. The concentrations of fourteen components (PAHs) were performed using the reverse phase

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 22 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Geometry, and Normal Modes of Vibration (3N-6) for Di and Tetra-Rings Layer (6, 0) Linear (Zigzag) SWCNTs; A DFT Treatment
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            Density Functional Theory (DFT) method of the type (B3LYP) and a Gaussian basis set (6-311G) were applied for calculating the vibration frequencies and absorption intensities for normal coordinates (3N-6) at the equilibrium geometry of the Di and Tetra-rings layer (6, 0) zigzag single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by using Gaussian-09 program. Both were found to have the same symmetry of D6d point group with C--C bond alternation in all tube rings (for axial bonds, which are the vertical C--Ca bonds in rings layer and for circumferential bonds C—Cc in the outer and mid rings bonds). Assignments of the modes of vibration IR active and inactive vibration frequ

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Numerical Investigation of Physical Parameters in Cardiac Vessels as a New Medical Support Science for Complex Blood Flow Characteristics
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This study proposes a mathematical approach and numerical experiment for a simple solution of cardiac blood flow to the heart's blood vessels. A mathematical model of human blood flow through arterial branches was studied and calculated using the Navier-Stokes partial differential equation with finite element analysis (FEA) approach. Furthermore, FEA is applied to the steady flow of two-dimensional viscous liquids through different geometries. The validity of the computational method is determined by comparing numerical experiments with the results of the analysis of different functions. Numerical analysis showed that the highest blood flow velocity of 1.22 cm/s occurred in the center of the vessel which tends to be laminar and is influe

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