Background: Insufficient sleep due to excessive media use is linked to decrease physical activity, poor nutrition, obesity, and decreased overall health-related quality of life.

Objectives: To assess the effect of using the internet and social media on the sleep of 4th-stage secondary school students.

Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional study with the analytic element; for 500 secondary school students, obtained by choosing two schools randomly from each of the six educational directorates, by using a structured questionnaire.

Result: Secondary scho

This article reviews the construction of organic solar cell (OSC) and characterized their optical and electrical properties, where indium tin oxide (ITO) used as a transparent electrode, “Poly (3-hexylthiophene- 2,5-diyl) P3HT / Poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) F8BT” as an active layer and “Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate)” PEDOT: PSS which is referred to the hole transport layer. Spin coating technique was used to prepared polymers thin film layers under ambient atmosphere to make OSC.  The prepared samples were characterized after annealing process at (80 ͦ C) for (30 min) under non-isolated circumference. The results show a value of filling factor (FF) of (2.888), (0.233) and (0.28

An oxidative polymerization approach was used to create polyaniline (PANI) and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle combination. Various characterization approaches were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle structures. The findings support the synthesis of polycrystalline nanoparticle PANI and Fe₂O₃ /PANI spherical nanoparticle composites. Gram-positive bacteria are tested for antibacterial activity. Various quantities of Nanoparticles of PANI and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle composites were used to test Staph-aureus and gram-negative bacteria, E-coli, and candida species. PANI has antibacterial properties against all microo

In this work pyrazolin derivatives were prepared from the diazonium chloride salt of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Azo compounds were prepared from the reaction of an ethanolic solution of sodium acetate and calculated amount of active methylene compound namely, acetyl acetone to obtain the corresponding hydrazono derivative (1). Cyclocondensation reaction of compounds (1) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine in boiling ethanol affording the corresponding pyrazoline-5-one derivatives of 4-aminobenzoic acid (2,3). Then compound (3) was reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid chloride derivative(4), followed by conversion into the corresponding acid hydrazide derivative (5) carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide (11), esters

In this work, silver (Ag) self-metallization on a polyimide (PI) film was prepared through autocatalytic plating. PI films were prepared through the solution casting method, followed by etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sensitization with tin chloride (SnCl₂), and the use of palladium chloride (PdCl₂) to activate the surface of PI. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the highest peak in the (Ag) region and confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.2^°, 44.5^°, 64.6^°, and 78.2^° represented the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of Ag, respectively. The FT–IR an

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a well known enzyme which exists in almost all living creatures exposing to oxygen (such as plants, bacteria, and animals). It is a very necessary enzyme to protect the cell from oxidative detriment by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is the partial purification and characterization of Catalase enzyme from Banana peels. In this study, fresh banana peels are treated with 70 % ethanol ,further separated with chloroform ,water and ethyl acetate respectively .The supernatant of the enzymatic sample which is treated with chloroform is loaded into gel filtration column with Sephadex G-100 (1.0 x 90 cm) equilibrated with pH7 buffer media (phosphate buffer 0.1 M). Kinetic studies of the purified en

Iraqi kaolin was used for the preparation and characterization of NaY zeolite for biodiesel production via esterification reaction. Oleic acid was used usually as a typical simulated feedstock of high acid number for the esterification reaction.

   The chemical composition for the prepared Nay zeolite is as following:  (Ca₂.6Na₁.K_0.1)(Al₆.3Si₁₇.₇)O₄₈.16H₂O, the silica to alumina ratio in the prepared catalyst was found equal to 2.6 and Na₂O content was 12.26 wt. %, with relative crystallinity equal to 147.4 % obtained by the X-ray diffraction. The surface area result shows that the prepared catalyst has 330 m²

In this study, polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by phase inversion method to obtain both antibacterial and organic antifouling properties. The membranes were cast from a solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and formative silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on a polymer. This was done using a solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) which is a solvent for the PVDF polymer meanwhile it is a reducing agent for silver ion. The effect of silver nanoparticles additives on the performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membrane was verified. Chemical composition and morphology of the surfaces of the membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Aim To develop a low-density polyethylene–hydroxyapatite (HA-PE) composite with properties tailored to function as a potential root canal filling material. Methodology Hydroxyapatite and polyethylene mixed with strontium oxide as a radiopacifier were extruded from a single screw extruder fitted with an appropriate die to form fibres. The composition of the composite was optimized with clinical handling and placement in the canal being the prime consideration. The fibres were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their thermal properties determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite fibres and gutta-percha were compared, dry and after 1 month storage in