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The thermotolerant Arabian killifish,<i>Aphanius dispar</i>, as a novel infection model for human fungal pathogens
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Abstract<p><italic>Candida albicans</italic>: a fungal pathogen, can cause superficial and fatal infections in humans. An important virulence factor in<italic>C. albicans</italic>dissemination is the transformation from yeast to an invasive hyphal form, which is favoured at human body temperature. Zebrafish, a useful model for studying<italic>C. albicans</italic>infections, cannot survive at 37°C. Arabian killifish,<italic>Aphanius dispar</italic>, an emerging teleost model can tolerate temperatures up to 40 °C for up to 12 days (independent feeding time) allowing for longer analysis compared to zebrafish. This study introduces<italic>A. dispar</italic>as a thermo-relevant and a more accurate reporter of the virulence mechanisms relevant to<italic>C. albicans</italic>as a human pathogen. Using<italic>A. dispar</italic>, we tested virulence at human skin (30 °C), body temperature (37 °C) and a high fever condition (40°C). Infection by<italic>C. albicans</italic>at 37°C and 40°C significantly increased virulence, reduced survival of AKF embryos and formed invasive hyphal network compared to 30 °C. Two mutant strains of<italic>C. albicans. pmr1Δ</italic>(with aberrant cell surface glycans) exhibited reduced virulence at 37°C, whereas<italic>rsr1</italic>Δ (lacking a cell polarity marker) showed less virulence at 30 °C. Additionally, anti-fungal treatment rescued AKF survival in a dose-dependent manner, indicating AKF’s potential for<italic>in vivo</italic>drug testing. Our data indicates the quantitative and qualitative importance of examining virulence traits at physiologically relevant temperatures and demonstrates an equivalence to findings for systemic infection derived in mouse models. The<italic>A. dispar</italic>embryo therefore provides an excellent<italic>in vivo</italic>model system for assessing virulence, drug-testing, and real-time imaging of host-pathogen interactions.</p><sec><title>Significance Statement

The virulence of many pathogens is dependent on host temperature. We demonstrate that theA. disparembryo provides an excellent new thermo-relevant alternative to zebrafish and mouse models, which have limitations in terms of the range of temperatures that can be assessed in real-time. In this study, we have assessedC. albicanstemperature-based virulence, focusing on human body and human skin temperatures (37, 40 and 30 °C, respectively) by examining different genetic backgrounds ofC. albicansstrains. The results indicate differentC. albicansstrains with genetic background show varied virulence depending on temperature indicating importance of examination of virulence mechanisms at physiological temperatures.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
World Journal Of Dentistry
Differential Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 and Nuclear Factor κB of Primary Rat Oral Keratinocytes in Response to Stimulation with<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2016
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Problematic understanding of the question "What I overlooked something about you" when Sibweh
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This research is an attempt to unveil the cover and unveil a matter that has become mysterious to those who came after Sibweh of the grammar scholars; It took place as a result of the work of the scribes.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 13 2021
Journal Name
Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals
Liquid crystal behavior of Ag(I) complexes based on a series of mesogenic 1,3,4-thiadiazole ligands
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology
Experimental study on curved composite I-girder bridge subjected to Iraqi live loading for road bridges
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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CURVED COMPOSITE I-GIRDER BRIDGE SUBJECTED TO IRAQI LIVE LOADING FOR ROAD BRIDGES
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Material Science And Semiconductor Processing
Photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye using magnetic silica-coated Ag2WO4/Ag2S as Type I heterojunction photocatalyst: Stability and mechanisms studies
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In the present study, magnet silica-coated Ag2WO4/Ag2S nanocomposites (FOSOAWAS) were fabricated via a multistep method to address the drawbacks related to single photocatalysts (pure Ag2WO4 and pure Ag2S) and to clarify the significant influence of semiconductor heterojunction on the enhancement of visible-light-driven organic degradation. Different techniques were performed to investigate the elemental composition, morphology, magnetic and photoelectrochemical properties of the fabricated FOSOAWAS photocatalyst. The FOSOAWAS photocatalyst (1 g/L) exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency (99.5%) against Congo red dye (CR = 20 ppm) after 140 min of visible-light illumination. This result confirmed the ability of the heterojunction be

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2003
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Tropical Disease Researches
The isolation and identification of some pathogenic bacteria from clinical cutaneous infection in human
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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the optical properties of ( Cr2O3:I ) thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique
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Undoped and Iodine (I)–doped chrome oxide (Cr2O3)thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique at substrate temperatures(773K) on glass substrate. Absorbance and transmittance spectra have been recorded as a function of wavelength in the range (340-800 nm) in order to study the optical properties such as reflectance, Energy gap of allowed direct transition, extinction coefficient refractive index, and dielectric constant in real and imagery parts all as a function of wavelength. It was found that all the investigated parameters affect by the doping ratios.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Annals Of Medicine And Surgery
Association between Entamoeba histolytica infection and human leukocyte antigen HLA- DRB1
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Detection and Quantification of Class I Caries with Laser Fluorescence Technique
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The objective of the present study is to verify the actual carious lesion depth by laser
fluorescence technique using 650 nm CW diode laser in comparison with the histopathological
investigation. Five permanent molar teeth were extracted from adult individuals for different reasons
(tooth impaction, periodontal diseases, and pulp infections); their ages were ranging from 20-25 years
old. Different carious teeth with varying clinical stages of caries progression were examined. An
experimental laser fluorescence set-up was built to perform the work regarding in vitro detection and
quantification of occlusal dental caries and the determination of its actual clinical carious lesion depth by
650 nm CW diode laser (excitat

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